数据驱动下山地城市避难场所空间布局供需错位研究——以重庆市渝中区为例  

Dislocation of Supply and Demand in the Spatial Layout of Shelters in Mountainous Cities Driven by Data:A Case Study of Yuzhong District, Chongqing

作　　者：叶堃晖[1] 苏晓倩 YE Kunhui;SU Xiaoqian

机构地区：[1]重庆大学管理科学与房地产学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2022年第1期54-59,F0003,共7页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“大数据背景下我国大型城市资源环境承载力评价与政策研究”(17ZDA062);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2022CDJSKZX05)。

摘　　要：避难场所空间供需匹配是城市应急避难管理的至高准则,但人口异动使得避难场所空间供需时常出现实时性错位,构成城市应急的一大挑战。借助人口热力数据、避难场所POI数据,构建避难需求与避难服务的空间分布度量方法,以重庆市渝中区为例求解山地城市避难场所供需关系。研究表明:避难需求具有动态聚集效应;避难场所空间分布呈现非均质性;供需错位体现在避难服务的区域性供给真空、供给重叠与高聚集区供给缺口。对此,有必要建立避难场所供需协同机制,通过智慧应急为山地城市防灾避难科学管理提供有效的技术支撑。Matching the supply and demand of shelter is the supreme criterion for urban emergency shelter management, but population fluctuations often lead to real-time mismatches between the supply and demand of shelter, which constitutes a major challenge for urban emergency. This paper constructs a research method to study the spatial distribution of evacuation demand and evacuation services with the help of population thermal data and shelter POI data, and uses the Yuzhong District of Chongqing as a case to analyze the relationship between supply and demand of shelter in mountainous cities. Our results show that: the demand for shelter has a dynamic aggregation effect;the spatial distribution of shelter is non-homogeneous;the misalignment of the supply and demand is reflected in the regional suppply vacuum and overlap, and the supply gap in high-population areas. In this regard, it is necessary to establish a supply-demand coordination mechanism for shelter, and to provide effective technical support for the scientific management of disaster prevention and evacuation in mountainous cities through intelligent emergency response.

关 键 词：山地城市 避难场所 供需错位 智慧应急 数据驱动 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]