经济方略与美元霸权的生成  

Economic Statecraft and the Formation of International Monetary Power

作　　者：张发林 Zhang Falin(School of Zhou Enlai School of Government and Center for Silk Road Studies,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院、丝绸之路研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2022年第1期103-129,159,160,共29页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目“国际金融权力博弈与全球金融治理变革的中国方案研究”(项目批准号:21BGJ044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：经济方略是运用经济领域的政策工具实现对外政策目标的策略、方法和技巧,也是国家货币实力向国际货币权力转化的重要推动力量,但经济方略在国际货币权力生成过程中的作用有待深入探究。经济方略由操作方式和政策工具两个维度构成,操作方式可区分为放任(无为而治)、激励(以利相诱)、协商(共商共谋)、保护(以邻为壑)、胁迫(以害相逼)和制裁(经济武器),政策工具涉及金融、贸易、能源、发展等领域的多种经济政策手段,包括贷款、援助、贸易优惠或壁垒、技术支持或限制、汇率政策等。货币实力、权力意愿、对外货币政策目标以及实现对外政策目标的方略是国际货币权力生成机制的四大构成要素,其中,实力、意愿和政策目标冲突性三个因素共同决定了国家对经济方略的选择。通过对美元霸权的演进过程进行分析可以发现,实力固然是美元霸权形成的基础要素,但美国政府灵活运用一种或多种经济方略也发挥了重要作用。在人民币国际货币权力形成的过程中,中国既要注重自身经济方略的选择,也要关注美国如何运用经济方略压制人民币国际货币权力上升。Economic statecraft is defined as tactics,methods and skills of using the policy tools in the economic field to achieve foreign policy objectives,and is also an important driving force in the transformation from national economic strength into international monetary power.Relevant studies,however,have not yet sufficiently delved into it.Economic statecraft can be observed from two dimensions:operational modes and policy tools.Operational modes include laissez faire,incentive,negotiation,protection,coercion,and sanction,while policy tools refer to a variety of economic policy tools in money,finance,trade,energy,development,and other policy areas.Selection of economic statecraft depends on three factors:strength,willingness,and policy objective conflict.Adopting the analytical framework constituted by the operational modes and policy tools,this paper thoroughly examined the formation and maintenance of the US dollar hegemony,which shows the significant role of economic statecraft in the process of international monetary power formation.The enhancement of RMB’s international monetary power needs to comprehensively use economic statecraft and carefully deal with the economic statecraft that the US may implement towards the internationalization of RMB and even China’s development.

关 键 词：美元霸权 经济方略 国际货币权力 人民币国际化 国际金融体系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]