德国移民截面数据的社会学分析  

A Sociological Analysis of the Cross-sectional Data on Immigrants in Germany

作　　者：宋全成[1] 甘月童 Quancheng Song;Yuetong Gan

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院社会学系 [2]山东大学移民研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第1期74-88,共15页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“欧盟的难民危机、移民融入问题及其治理研究”(17BMZ091);国家民族事务委员会民族研究项目“当今欧洲穆斯林移民问题研究”(2018-GMB-064)之研究成果。

摘　　要：德国联邦统计局的截面数据显示,截至2018年,在德国居住着1091万外国移民,占德国总人口8300万的13.1%,延续了外国移民在德国总人口中所占的比例不断上升的趋势。从外国人的自然特征来看,在规模上,外国移民人口数量在稳定上升;在性别结构上,男性占比高;在年龄结构上,已经呈现出老龄化趋势。从社会结构特征来看,在来源国结构上,外国移民主要来自土耳其、波兰、叙利亚、罗马尼亚、意大利;在德国的居留时间上,外国移民在德国的平均居留时间约为12年,土耳其人在德国的平均居留时间最长;在地理分布结构上,西部各州的外国移民比例普遍大幅度高于东部各州;在婚姻结构上,单身已经成为德国的外国移民最为普遍的状态。外国移民在德国呈现出的不同历史时期的人口学特征的差异,直接或间接地反映着德国政府移民政策变迁的轨迹。According to the cross-sectional data from the German Federal Bureau of Statistics,as of 2018,there were 10.91 million foreign immigrants living in Germany,accounting for 13.1%of Germany's total population of 83 million,and continuing the trend of rising percentage of foreign immigrants in German population.From their natural characteristics,the number of foreign immigrants is rising steadily in terms of scale;the proportion of men is high in terms of gender structure;and there has been an aging trend in terms of age structure.From their social characteristics,foreign immigrants come mainly from Turkey,Poland,Syria,Romania and Italy in terms of country origin;the average residence of foreign immigrants in Germany lasts about 12 years in terms of residence time,with the Turks having the longest average stay in Germany;the proportion of foreign immigrants in the western states is generally much higher than that in the eastern states in terms of geographical distribution;and single status has become the most common state of foreign immigrants in Germany in terms of marriage structure.The differences of demographic characteristics of foreign immigrants in Germany in different historical periods directly or indirectly reflect the track of changes in German governments immigration policy.

关 键 词：德国 外国移民 自然结构 社会结构 难民政策 

分 类 号：C924.516[社会学—人口学]