四类聚乙烯基降解塑料地膜降解过程风险分析  

Risk Analysis of Degradation Process of Four Types of Polyvinyl Degradable Plastic Mulching Film

作　　者：王君[1,2] 李林林 李丽 李秋霞 WANG Jun;LI Linlin;LI Li;LI Qiuxia(Shandong Jiaotong University,Jinan,Shandong 250357,China;Hazardous Goods Logistics Safety and Environmental Protection Laboratory,Jinan,Shandong 250102,China;Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection,Jinan,Shandong 250357,China)

机构地区：[1]山东交通学院,山东济南250357 [2]危险品物流安全与环保实验室,山东济南250102 [3]山东省产品质量检验研究院,山东济南250357

出　　处：《塑料》2022年第1期94-99,149,共7页Plastics

基　　金：山东交通学院博士科研启动基金(BS201901032)。

摘　　要：目前,可降解塑料地膜是农业技术发展的热点。将北方典型农作物广泛使用的4类聚乙烯基降解地膜作为研究对象,首先采用高温凝胶色谱对地膜降解进行了分析验证,然后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱、气相色谱-质谱法分别对降解过程产物的11种特定元素、苯并(a)芘、多溴联苯(PBB)、多溴二苯醚(PBDE)和17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂进行了风险分析。结果表明,在实验室光照降解10 d的条件下,4类降解塑料地膜的数均相对分子质量和重均相对分子质量分别降低了6.7%~19.5%、2.4%~12.9%,分散系数由原来的4.072~5.951减小到1.294~5.783,因此,4类地膜均发生了显著降解;降解过程产物中的11种特定元素、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)塑化剂均有检出,其中,DBP和DEHP最高检出量分别为6.7、56 mg/kg;苯并(a)芘、PBB、PBDE和其他15种塑化剂均未检出。研究结果为产品监管部门和相关企业提供了参考和借鉴。Degradable plastic mulching film was the most focused area for agricultural technology development.In the study,four types of typical northern crop widely used vinyl degradable mulching film were chosen as the research objects.Firstly,the degradation of four types of mulching films was studied and verified by high temperature gel chromatography.Then,the risks of 11 kinds of specific elements,benzo[a]pyrene,polybrominated biphenyl(PBB),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDE)and 17 kinds of phthalic acid esters plasticizers were analyzed respectively by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.It was found that the number average and weight average molecular weight of four degradable intermediate products decreased to 6.7%~19.5%and 2.4%~12.9%of the primary ones,respectively,under the condition of lab photodegradation for 10 days,indicating a significant degradation occurred.Also,11 kinds of specific elements,DBP and DEHP had been detected,among which the highest detection amount of DBP and DEHP were 6.7 mg/kg and 56 mg/kg,respectively.Benzo[a]pyrene,PBB,PBDE and other 15 plasticizers were not detected.The research results could be referred for the product regulatory authorities and related enterprises.

关 键 词：聚乙烯基降解地膜 降解过程 风险研究 特定元素 环境影响物质 

分 类 号：TQ325.12[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]