聚氯乙烯废弃物的热解特性与处理  

Pyrolysis Characteristics and Disposal of PVC Waste

作　　者：田中训 刘伟军 TIAN Zhongxun;LIU Weijun(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《塑料》2022年第1期121-126,130,共7页Plastics

基　　金：上海工程技术大学研究生创新项目(19KY0139)。

摘　　要：聚氯乙烯(PVC)废弃物的热解回收技术在资源利用与环境保护领域均具有良好的发展前景,对PVC热解特性的研究将为该技术进一步工业化提供理论和实验依据。由于PVC热解过程非常复杂,并且会产生有毒的二噁英,因此,研究PVC废弃物热解特性是实现PVC废弃物综合有效处理的关键。针对PVC热解脱HCl效果、PVC热解碳化产物和焦油产物方向,重点总结了PVC热解的温度特性、金属催化剂对PVC影响、PVC与其他混合物共热解特性等的研究进展。PVC脱除HCl反应的温度主要发生在250~340℃之间,340℃以上主要产生焦油和碳化产物。部分金属氧化物(CaO和ZnO)具有较好的脱氯效果,Cu作为层状双氢氧化物的改性金属效果显著。由于混合热解过程中的相互作用,生物质、其他种类塑料、煤对PVC热解过程和产物均会产生影响。基于理论与实验分析,提出了PVC废弃物处理的未来研究方向。The pyrolysis recycling technology of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)waste had a good development prospect in the field of resource utilization and environmental protection.The theoretical and experimental basis will be provided for the further industrialization of the technology by the research on the pyrolysis characteristics of PVC.The pyrolysis process of PVC is very complex and can produce toxic dioxins.Therefore,the research on pyrolysis characteristics of PVC waste is the key to realize the comprehensive and effective treatment of PVC waste.Focusing on the HCl removal effect of PVC pyrolysis,PVC pyrolysis carbonization products and tar products.The research progress of the temperature characteristics of PVC pyrolysis,the effect of metal catalysts on PVC,and the co-pyrolysis characteristics of PVC and other mixtures were summarized.The temperature of HCl removal reaction of PVC mainly occurred between 250℃and 340℃,and the tar and carbonization products were generated above 340℃;Some metal oxides such as CaO and ZnO have good dechlorination effect,and Cu has significant effect as a modified metal of layered double hydroxides;Due to the interaction in the mixed pyrolysis process,biomass,other types of plastics,coal had great influence on the PVC pyrolysis process and products.Based on the theoretical and experimental analysis,the future research direction of PVC Waste disposal was proposed.

关 键 词：聚氯乙烯 热解 碳材料 废弃物处理 研究方向 

分 类 号：TQ325.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]