黄土高原土壤细菌和真菌群落结构及其多样性对菌糠有机肥响应机制研究  

Responses of soil bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity to microbial bran organic manure in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：吕睿[1] 常帆[1] 张兴昌 雷霁 房妮[3] 甄丽莎[1] LV Rui;CHANG Fan;ZHANG Xing-chang;LEI Ji;FANG Ni;ZHEN Li-sha(Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi,Xi an 710043,China;Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi an 710043,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disasters Monitoring&Mechanism simulation,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721016,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省微生物研究所,陕西西安710043 [2]陕西省生物农业研究所,陕西西安710043 [3]宝鸡文理学院陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721016

出　　处：《环境生态学》2022年第2期40-49,共10页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点研发计划(2019NY-197、2020ZDLNY01-08、2021ZDLNY05-08);陕西省科学院优秀青年科研项目暨青年联合创新项目(2016K-21);陕西省科学院“一所一品”专项(2020K-09);陕西省教育厅专项科学研究计划(17JK0046)资助。

摘　　要：为了明确黄土高原农田土壤细菌群落和真菌群落对菌糠有机肥的响应机制,基于高通量测序技术,分析了施用菌糠有机肥和施用化肥(对照)后土壤细菌和真菌群落物种组成、多样性指数、群落结构差异及其主要分异作用的微生物。结果表明,土壤细菌和真菌群落对外源养分的响应机制不同。添加菌糠有机肥改变了土壤细菌菌群的结构,厚壁菌门、奇古菌门相对丰度显著增加,变形菌门相对丰度显著下降;同时对土壤真菌菌群结构也造成一定影响,担子菌门相对丰度有所增加,子囊菌门相对丰度显著降低。细菌群落的Shannon指数和InvSimpson指数均有降低,真菌菌群多样性指数无显著差异;PCA分析显示,施用菌糠有机肥处理与对照处理的细菌菌群结构有显著差异,真菌菌群结构差异不显著;LEfSe分析结果显示,Nitrososphaera、Bacillus、Nonomuraea、Gaiella和Marmoricola是导致两个处理间细菌菌群差异的主要物种,其中Nitrososphaera是参与固氮作用的氨氧化细菌,说明施用菌糠有机肥可以起到加快养分转化的作用。研究成果为有机质含量低、氮素贫乏的黄土高原土壤提供了一种有效的改良和功能提升的措施,为生物有机肥的研发及其在该区域农业生产中的应用提供理论依据。To investigate the response mechanisms of soil bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity to microbial bran organic manure in the Loess Plateau,this study analyzed the species composition,diversity indexes and community structure of soil bacteria and fungi community,as well as the microorganisms took charge of the differentiation between the two treatments,bran organic manure(T)and chemical fertilizers(control,CK),basing on high-throughput sequencing technologies.The results showed that the response mechanisms of soil bacterial and fungal communities to exogenous nutrients were different.Compared with the CK,there were statistical increases in relative abundance(AR)of Firmicutes and Thaumarchaeota,and a significant decrease in AR of Proteobacteria in the T treatment.For fungal community of the T treatment,AR of Basidiomycota increased obviously and that of Ascomycota decreased significantly compared with CK.The Shannon index and InvSimpson index of bacterial community declined in the T treatment,while the diversity index of fungal community had no significant difference between the two treatments.The results of PCA analysis showed that there was a significant difference in soil bacterial structure between the two treatment,but no statistical difference in soil fungal structure.The results of LEfSe analysis showed that Nitrososphaera,Bacillus,Nonomuraea,Gaiella and Marmoricola were the main species of bacteria that led to the difference between the T treatment and CK.Nitrososphaera was an important ammonia-oxidizing bacteria which involved in nitrogen fixation,indicating that application of mushroom bran organic manure can accelerate nutrient transformation in soil.This study can prove an effective measure for improving nutrient composition and enhancing fertility of the loess Plateau soil with low content of organic matter and nitrogen,as well as provide a theoretical basis for research of organic fertilizers and agricultural industry.

关 键 词：黄土高原 真菌和细菌群落 菌糠有机肥 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]