产业扶持、市场壁垒与企业创新——基于微观视角的理论与经验分析  

Industrial policy, market barriers, and enterprise innovation: theoretical and empirical analysis from a micro perspective

作　　者：宋灿 孙浦阳 岳中刚 SONG Can;SUN Puyang;YUE Zhonggang(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Economics,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071 [2]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872 [3]南京邮电大学经济学院,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2022年第1期71-84,共14页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA092);国家社会科学基金重大项目(18BGL021)。

摘　　要：创新活动的高风险与外部性是创新水平通常低于最优值的重要原因,而产业扶持是矫正创新体系市场失灵的重要手段。首先,在企业创新决策理论模型的基础上,结合市场势力与市场壁垒的变化,从理论层面验证了产业扶持对企业创新的作用机制。其次,基于产品投入产出网络和上下游产业关系,通过递归方程求解出产业偏离度指标,量化了产业扶持的直接与间接效应。最后,通过经验分析发现:(1)产业扶持显著促进了企业创新水平的提升,且其作用效果呈边际递减倾向;(2)产业扶持主要通过企业市场势力的提高与市场壁垒的降低对企业创新产生影响;(3)市场分割与技术距离降低了产业扶持对企业创新的边际作用效果;(4)产业扶持对融资约束较小的企业、对外技术依存度较低的企业以及战略性新兴企业创新水平的提升作用更显著。在以政策冲击作为工具变量进行内生性检验,以及考虑样本偏差、路径依赖等因素进行稳健性检验后,以上结论依然成立。研究结论为创新体系中产业政策的设计思路提供了理论支撑与政策启示。The high risk and externality of innovation activities are important reasons why innovation is often unable to achieve optimal value and industrial policy is needed to correct the market failure of innovation systems. Firstly, based on a theoretical model of enterprise innovation decision-making, this paper considers the combined changes in market power and market barriers to verify the mechanism whereby industrial policy affects enterprise innovation. Secondly, using the product input-output network and the relationship between upstream and downstream industries, the index of the industrial deviation degree is calculated by a recursive equation, and the direct and indirect effects of industrial policy are quantified. Finally, the empirical results show that:(1)industrial policy significantly improves the innovation level of an enterprise, and the effect diminishes at the margin;(2)industrial policy has an impact on enterprise innovation mainly through the improvement of market power and the reduction of market barriers;(3)market segmentation and technological distance reduce the marginal effect of industrial policy on firm innovation;and(4)industrial policy plays a more significant role in improving the innovation level of enterprises with fewer financing constraints, enterprises with less external technology dependence, and strategic emerging enterprises. The above conclusions remain valid after an endogeneity test with policy impact as the instrumental variable and a robustness test with sample bias, path dependence, and other factors taken into account. The findings provide theoretical support and policy inspiration for industrial policy design in innovation systems.

关 键 词：产业扶持 产业偏离度 市场势力 市场壁垒 企业创新 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]