开发区出口产业筛选机制:产业规划还是集聚优势?  

Screening mechanism of export industries in development zones: industrial planning or agglomeration advantage?

作　　者：施贞怀 赵浩云 沈瑶[3] SHI Zhenhuai;ZHAO Haoyun;SHEN Yao(Information Center for Social Sciences,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Economics and Finance,University of International Relations,Beijing 100091,China;School of Economics,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学书报资料中心,北京100872 [2]国际关系学院经济金融学院,北京100091 [3]上海大学经济学院,上海200444

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2022年第1期85-98,共14页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073093);中国人民大学科学研究基金面上项目(21XNA008)。

摘　　要：空间溢出带来的"集聚租"和税收减免与补贴等产生的"政策租",使得中国开发区成为出口产业集聚的空间载体。作为兼具政府职能和企业功能的组织平台,现实中开发区筛选出口产业的机制和依据是什么?为了回答这一问题,首先,在理论分析框架的基础上,利用反事实分析和数值模拟的方法,分解了开发区出口企业生产率溢价的源泉和贡献占比;其次,利用中国海关进出口数据库和中国规模以上工业企业数据库的匹配数据,准确测算了行业的集聚外部性大小;最后,基于手工整理的中国重点产业数据库,检验了开发区筛选出口产业的机制和依据。研究发现:(1)开发区在筛选出口产业时,既依据集聚外部性理论又重视国家重点产业规划。具体而言,集聚外部性较强和属于国家重点产业的出口企业,入驻开发区的概率分别会提高5.93%和1.83%。(2)开发区对出口企业存在明显的筛选机制,忽视这一作用将会导致对集聚外部性的高估。(3)剔除开发区出口企业空间选择行为的影响后,集聚外部性仍是开发区出口企业生产率溢价的主要动因。研究结论对于准确评估开发区出口企业生产率溢价的作用机制,以及认清开发区出口产业筛选的理论依据,都具有较好的启示意义。The “agglomeration rent” brought about by spatial overflow and the “policy rent” generated by tax reductions and subsidies have made China’s development zones a carrier of spatial agglomeration of export industries. As an organizational platform which has both government and corporate functions, what is the mechanism and basis for the development zone to screen export industries in real life? In order to answer this question, firstly, based on the theoretical analysis framework, this article uses counterfactual analysis and numerical simulation to decompose the source and contribution ratio of the productivity premium of export enterprises in the development zone. Secondly, using the matching data of China Customs Import and Export Database and Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database, industries’ agglomeration externalities are accurately measured. Finally, based on the manually compiled Database of China’s Key Industries, the mechanism and basis for screening export industries in development zones are tested. The research finds that:(1)When selecting export industries, the development zone not only bases on the theory of agglomeration externalities but also attaches importance to the national key industry planning. Specifically, export companies with strong agglomeration externalities and belonging to national key industries will increase the probability of entering the development zone by 5.93% and 1.83%, respectively.(2)There is an obvious selection mechanism for export enterprises in development zones. Ignoring this role will lead to overestimation of agglomeration externalities.(3)After excluding the influence of the spatial selection behavior of export enterprises in the zone, agglomeration externality is still the main cause of the productivity premium of export enterprises in the development zone. The research in this article is of great enlightenment in order to accurately assess the mechanism of the productivity premium of the export enterprises in the development zone and to recognize the

关 键 词：出口企业 开发区 产业规划 集聚优势 招商引资 

分 类 号：F429.9[经济管理—产业经济]