退役动力电池中磷酸铁锂的回收再生研究进展  

Research Progress on Recovery and Regeneration of Lithium Iron Phosphate in Spent Power Batteries

作　　者：柏祥涛 胡易琛[1] 庄卫东 Bai Xiangtao;Hu Yichen;Zhuang Weidong(China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司,北京101407 [2]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2022年第2期254-264,共11页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金汽车产业联合基金重点项目(U1764255)资助。

摘　　要：随着新能源汽车产业的持续发展,动力电池将会逐步达到寿命周期而退役,首先退役的主要是早期投入市场的磷酸铁锂电池。对磷酸铁锂正极材料的回收可分为资源化回收和再生回收两种,围绕这两个方向科学家开展了大量的研究。本文首先对Li,Fe的资源化回收进行总结,从回收体系对回收效率影响的角度对文献进行分析,并指出了资源化回收存在的不足。研究显示,磷酸铁锂晶体结构十分稳定,通过简单热处理即能修复其失效结构。因此,本文对磷酸铁锂材料的修复再生技术研究进展进行了详细总结,主要从直接再生、补锂再生、提纯得到磷酸铁后再生等方面进行分析,介绍了各项技术的最新研究进展。此外,本文还介绍了一些新型回收技术,如无毒无害溶剂的使用、混合正极的选择性剥离、生物回收技术等。通过以上对磷酸铁锂材料回收和再生研究进展的系统总结,对退役磷酸铁锂电池回收的未来发展方向做出展望。Energy and environment are two major hot topics in the world today,which make countries all over the world set their sights on new energy vehicles.Affected by this,lithium-ion power batteries and electric vehicles(EVs)have undergone vigorous development and explosive growth in the past few years.Since 2015,China’s EV production and sales have ranked first in the world.The booming of new industries is a good thing,but it is also worrying.It is generally considered that when the capacity retention rate is below 80%,power batteries cannot satisfy the requirements for EVs.Hence,power batteries will gradually reach their service lifetime limit and be retired with the continuous development of the EV industry.Spent power batteries may cause great harm to the environment if they are not properly handled.Therefore,how to handle spent power batteries is a challenge and has attracted widely attention.Lithium-ion batteries are mainly composed of metallic shells,cathode scraps,anode scraps,organic electrolyte,membrane separator,as well as insulating piece.Among these components,cathode scraps are the most valuable and most difficult one to recycling,since they contain expensive aluminum foil and cathode materials.According to cathode materials,the power batteries used at this stage mainly include LiNi^(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y) O_(2)(NCM)batteries and LiFePO_(4)(LFP)batteries.The first to be retired is LFP batteries that were put into market in earlier period.LFP materials have the characteristics of wide range of raw materials and low prices,but this is also a shortcoming that restricts its recycling.Unlike NCM materials containing precious metals,the economic value of only recovering elements such as Li and Fe for LFP is not high enough.Therefore,although there were some reports on the recycling of elements,the research direction of the recycling of spent LFP batteries mainly focused on the recycling of LFP cathode materials.Scientists have conducted abundant researches on the recovery of LFP cathode materials,which could be cl

关 键 词：退役动力电池 磷酸铁锂 再生 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]