马铃薯疮痂病菌在植株和田间的分布与动态分析  

Analysis of Streptomyces scabies distribution in plants and population dynamics in the field

作　　者：马丹丹 关欢欢 李寿如 贾景丽 于秀梅[1] 刘大群[1] 赵伟全[1] MA Dandan;GUAN Huanhuan;LI Shouru;JIA Jingli;YU Xiumei;LIU Daqun;ZHAO Weiquan(College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University/Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province/National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas,Baoding 071001,China;Benxi Potato Research Institute,Benxi 117000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院/河北省农作物病虫害生物防治技术创新中心/国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,保定071001 [2]本溪市马铃薯研究所,本溪117000

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2022年第1期61-67,共7页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划国际合作重点专项(2017YFE0115700);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2018077);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：为探明马铃薯疮痂病菌在植株和土壤中的分布情况及种群动态变化特点,利用常规PCR和定量PCR(qPCR)技术对不同环境的马铃薯疮痂病株和田间植株不同生育期的土壤样品进行病原菌的定性定量检测。结果表明,病田、温室盆栽和微型薯苗床中马铃薯疮痂病重度发病植株的根、匍匐茎、块茎、地上茎、叶片等组织样品均可检测到184 bp的疮痂病菌特异性条带,健康植株相应组织均无该条带。病田/温室盆栽/微型薯苗床病株每克不同组织样品疮痂病原菌的孢子当量值分别为:叶片(7.63/8.06/20.49)×10^(3)、地上茎(2.67/4.75/73.35)×10^(4)、匍匐茎(56.84/3.78/79.88)×10^(5)、块茎(1.67/2.60/43.47)×10^(7)、根(2.51/51.79/8.31)×10^(5)。在田间病圃中每克土壤疮痂病原菌的孢子当量值变化范围为:自由土(2.12~9.18)×10^(4)、根际土(2.31~14.03)×10^(4),在块茎发病期间含量较高。病圃中马铃薯植株生长期间,对植株幼苗期、块茎形成初期、块茎发病期和马铃薯收获期的定量检测结果表明,每克组织疮痂病原菌的孢子当量值约为:叶部(4.62~23.76)×10^(3)、地上茎(6.12~77.08)×10^(3)、匍匐茎(2.75~4.57)×10^(4)、根部(1.41~2.36)×10^(5)、块茎3.43×10^(4)~2.04×10^(7)。本研究初步探明了疮痂病菌在马铃薯植株上的分布特征和田间土壤中的种群动态变化,为进一步研究病害的侵染机制和发生规律奠定了基础。The objective of this work was to analyze the distribution of Streptomyces scabies on potato plants and its population dynamics in the field.The plant samples from different growing environments,and the soil samples at different plant growth stages were collected.Two molecular techniques,regular PCR and quantitative PCR(qPCR),were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pathogens.The scab-pathogen-specific amplified band(184 bp)was detected in all diseased tissue samples including roots,stolons,tubers,stems and leaves from diseased field,greenhouse potted plants and minituber seedbeds.However,there were no such bands in the corresponding tissues of healthy plants.The qPCR detection results showed that the spore equivalents per gram of different tissue samples(diseased field/pot plants/minituber seedbed)were:leaves(7.63/8.06/20.49)×10^(3),stems(2.67/4.75/73.35)×10^(4),stolons(56.84/3.78/79.88)×10^(5),tubers(1.67/2.60/43.47)×10^(7),roots(2.51/51.79/8.31)×10^(5).During the different growth periods of potato in the diseased field,the spore equivalents of pathogens per gram of free soils and rhizosphere soils were(2.12-9.18)×10^(4)and(2.31-14.03)×10^(4) respectively,and the tuber swelling stage was higher than others.Further tracking by quantitative detection was conducted in order to reveal the relative amount of pathogens in different parts of diseased plants.The testing results showed that the range of spore equivalents per gram were leaves(4.62-23.76)×10^(3),stems(6.12-77.08)×10^(3),stolons(2.75-4.57)×10^(4),roots(1.41-2.36)×10^(5),tubers 3.43×10^(4)-2.04×10^(7)at four stages of seedling,tuber forming,tuber swelling and harvest respectively.This study preliminarily investigated the distribution of Streptomyces scabies on potato plants and its population dynamics in the field.It laid a foundation for further study on the infection mechanism and occurrence regularity of the common scab disease.

关 键 词：马铃薯疮痂病菌 分子检测 植株分布 土壤含菌量 

分 类 号：S432.43[农业科学—植物病理学]