离子型稀土矿地球化学特征与物性研究  

Geochemical Characteristics and Physical Properties of Ion Adsorption Type Rare Earth Ore

作　　者：周贺鹏 谢帆欣 张永兵 罗仙平 Zhou Hepeng;Xie Fanxin;Zhang Yongbing;Luo Xianping(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining&Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control,Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Development and Application Technology of Tungsten Resources(Jiangxi University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西省矿冶环境污染控制重点实验室,钨资源高效开发及应用技术教育部工程研究中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《稀有金属》2022年第1期78-86,共9页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(92062110,51774153);江西省青年井冈学者奖励计划项目;江西理工大学清江青年英才支持计划项目资助。

摘　　要：离子型稀土矿是中国重要的战略关键金属资源,其特殊的成矿特征与稀土元素赋存机制导致矿床地球化学特征、矿石理化性质及元素分布规律等特性复杂,制约了离子型稀土资源的高效开发利用。本文以江西赣州离子型稀土矿为研究对象,系统研究了矿床地球化学特征、稀土元素空间分布规律及矿石物性特征,结果表明江西赣州地处亚热带丘陵地带,气候特征与地质板块运动使得稀土元素能以离子形态在风化壳花岗岩中富集,并迁移吸附于高岭石、伊利石、埃洛石等黏土矿物表面,形成轻、重稀土元素分异规律明显且富钇特征显著的中重型稀土矿床。沿矿体垂直方向,稀土元素含量呈上贫中富下贫的分布规律,以全风化层含量最高,矿床类型为浅伏式,采用原地浸矿浸取稀土时注液井深度应尽量控制在全风化层。因稀土矿石比重大、含水率高,因此原地浸矿过程中应适当添加防膨剂以缓解矿物膨胀现象,避免堵塞渗流孔隙;同时矿体渗透性差,矿石粒径分布以粗、细粒为主,溶浸过程极易发生微细粒迁移现象,原地浸矿时应调控浸出剂的流速、浓度、粘度及水力梯度等参数,并添加促渗剂对矿物表面进行润湿,以改善矿物表面的亲水性,从而提高离子型稀土的浸出效率。Ion adsorption type rare earth ore is an important strategic and key metal resource,which was first discovered in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province in the 1970 s.Ion adsorption type rare earth ore is rich in medium and heavy rare earth elements,which are in short supply in the world,with low radioactivity ratio and high comprehensive utilization value.The ore had been widely used in many fields such as military industry,medical treatment and aerospace,and had become the focus of extensive attention at home and abroad.Ion adsorption type rare earth mineral deposit was a rare earth rich ore deposit.After weathering,the rare earth elements migrated under leaching and finally was adsorbed on the clay mineral surface in the middle and lower part of the weathering crust,forming an ionic rare earth deposit with unique adsorption characteristics.The special metallogenic characteristics and occurrence mechanism of rare earth elements led to complex characteristics of deposit geochemistry,physical and chemical properties of ores and element distribution law,which restricted the efficient development and utilization of ion adsorption type rare earth resources.At present,a large number of theoretical and practical studies were carried out on ion adsorption type rare earth ore at domestic and abroad.The microscopic occurrence mechanism of soil elements,the optimization of in-situ leaching process,the selection of leaching agents and the regulation of their properties provided a good theoretical and practical guidance for in-situ leaching.However,the existing studies mostly focused on the optimization of technological parameters in situ leaching process and the regulation of leaching seepage process,ignoring the natural enrichment rules and differentiation characteristics of rare earth elements in different parts of the orebody.And the vertical variation law of ore specific gravity,water content,pore structure and permeability along with orebody was not organically combined with the in-situ leaching process to guide the extraction of i

关 键 词：离子型稀土矿 战略关键金属 地球化学特征 吸附特征 富集规律 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]