论私寓对京剧“名角制”形成的作用——以伶人名角化为中心  

The Role of Siyu in the Forming of “Famous Actor System” in Jingju:An Analysis of the Making of Famous Actors

作　　者：路露[1] LU Lu

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2022年第1期101-113,共13页Theatre Arts

摘　　要："名角"是"名角制"的核心,在"名角制"尚未形成的晚清,北京戏曲市场对"名角"的需求与塑造便已存在。私寓的经营模式破坏了徽班"脚色制"的组织管理功能,使伶人脱离戏班组织,直接以个体身份面对城市娱乐、演出市场。同时,作为戏曲职业教育机构的私寓又通过提升伶人文化素养、营造伶人个人形象魅力、使伶人舞台演出精致化塑造了伶人的名角形象。上述三种措施使得私寓伶人在城市公共表演空间占据长久而耀眼的位置。私寓的经营、教育方式为京剧"名角制"的形成发挥了关键性作用。The "famous actor"is at the core of the "famous actor system ". In the late Qing Dynasty when the system had not taken shape,there was the demand for and shaping of"famous actors"in the Xiqu market in Beijing. The management model of Siyu undermined that of the "role system"adopted by the Huiju troupes,hence actors broke away from the troupe and were confronted with the urban entertainment and performance market as individual actors.Meanwhile,as an organization of vocational education of Xiqu,Siyu shaped famous actors by improving their cultural competence,cultivating charm in their personal image,and refining their stage performance. The three methods ensured that the actors of Siyu could take up a dazzling position in the urban public performance space for a long time. The management model and education methods of Siyu played a crucial role in the forming of"famous actor system"in Jingju.

关 键 词：私寓 京剧 名角制 脚色制 经营模式 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]