从司法先行到罪刑法定:环境修复在刑法中的确立和展开  

From Judicial First to Legally Prescribed Crimes and Penalties:Establishment and Development of Environmental Remediation in Criminal Law

作　　者：周峨春 郭子麟 ZHOU Echun;GUO Zilin(School of Law,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学法学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期72-79,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：山东省社科规划一般项目“环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼刑民衔接研究”(21CFXJ05)。

摘　　要：随着生态文明建设和环境治理现代化进程的推进,追究行为人的环境修复责任成为环境犯罪治理的重要内容。但环境修复的责任形式形成和发展于司法实践,尚缺乏明确的刑法依据,有违罪刑法定的基本原则,并且导致适用的混乱,亟需立法完善予以化解适用难题。现有刑罚体系以传统的自由刑、罚金刑等刑罚手段为主,与环境治理的时代需求严重脱节。恢复性司法、环境犯罪的生态属性、刑罚体系的开放性为环境修复责任在刑法中的确立提供了实践依据、理论支撑和立法空间。环境修复责任在刑法中的展开,应包括三个层次:首先将环境治理确立为刑法的任务,为环境修复责任纳入刑法提供方向指引;其次厘清环境修复的性质,将其明确为非刑罚手段,弥补传统刑罚手段的缺陷;最后是构建环境修复的责任体系,将环境修复设置为强制适用的责任方式。With the advancement of the construction of ecological civilization and the modernization of environmental governance,the accountability of the perpetrator for environmental restoration has become an important part of environmental crime governance.However,the responsibility form of environmental restoration is formed and developed in judicial practice.Due to the lack of a clear criminal law basis,it violates the basic principle of statutory crimes and punishments and causes confusion in application,so it is urgent to improve legislation to resolve the application problem.The existing penal system is mainly based on traditional penal methods such as free punishment and fine punishment,which is seriously out of touch with the needs of the era of environmental governance.Restorative justice,the ecological nature of environmental crimes,and the openness of the penal system provide practical basis,theoretical support and legislative space for the establishment of environmental restoration responsibility in the criminal law.The development of environmental remediation responsibility in the criminal law should include three levels:firstly,establishing the environmental remediation as the task of the criminal law to provide guidance for the incorporation of environmental remediation responsibility into the criminal law;secondly,clarifying the nature of environmental remediation,and clarifying it as a non-penalty means to make up for the shortcomings of traditional penal methods;finally,building a responsibility system for environmental restoration and setting environmental restoration as a mandatory method of responsibility.

关 键 词：环境修复 罪刑法定 非刑罚手段 责任体系 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]