基于GIS的河南省小麦产量及产量构成要素时空差异分析  

Spatial and Temporal Difference Analysis of Wheat Yield and Yield Components in Henan Province Based on GIS

作　　者：熊淑萍[1] 高明 张志勇[1] 秦步坛 徐赛俊 付新露 王小纯[2] 马新明[1] XIONG ShuPing;GAO Ming;ZHANG ZhiYong;QIN BuTan;XU SaiJun;FU XinLu;WANG XiaoChun;MA XinMing(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development,Ministry of Education,ZhengZhou 450046;College of Life Science,Henan Agricultural University,ZhengZhou 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/教育部作物生长发育调控重点实验室,郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第4期692-706,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210015);河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(S2010-01-G04);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300205)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析河南省不同产区小麦籽粒产量和产量构成要素的时空差异,明确不同产区进一步提高小麦籽粒产量的主攻方向。【方法】选用河南省小麦固定监测站点实地监测数据,利用地理信息系统(GIS)选择最优模型,绘制2017—2020年河南省4个小麦生产区产量与产量构成要素空间分布图,分析产量和产量构成要素在不同小麦产区的差异及其相互关系。【结果】小麦产量及产量构成要素在不同产区间存在差异,其中,产量和穗数均表现为豫北和豫中产区显著高于豫南和豫西产区,以豫北产区最高,豫西产区最低。而穗粒数表现为豫中、豫南和豫北产区显著高于豫西产区,豫中产区最高,豫西产区最低。千粒重表现为豫北产区最高,豫南产区最低。小麦产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重多在豫中和豫南交汇处(漯河、周口、驻马店等地)表现较高且在年际间稳定。相关分析表明,不同小麦产区产量构成三要素与产量的关系不一致。其中,豫北和豫中产区以穗数和穗粒数与产量的相关性最大,而豫西和豫南产区产量构成三要素与产量的相关性则表现为穗数最高,千粒重次之,穗粒数最低。通径分析进一步表明,4个小麦产区间产量构成要素对产量的贡献不同,其中,豫北产区以穗数、穗粒数对产量贡献最大,直接通径系数均为0.67;豫中和豫南产区产量构成三要素对产量的贡献依次为穗数>穗粒数>千粒重;而豫西产区则为穗数最大,千粒重次之,穗粒数最低,直接通径系数分别为0.69、0.45、0.39。同时,间接通径系数显示,豫北、豫中、豫南产区提高千粒重的增产效果优于提高穗粒数,而豫西产区则为提高穗粒数更优。【结论】河南省小麦产量及产量构成要素在不同小麦产间区及年际间存在较大差距,同时,不同小麦产区小麦产量构成三要素对产量的贡献不同,因此,河南省在进一步挖掘小�【Objective】The aim of the study was to clarify the main direction of further improving wheat grain yield in the different wheat regions of Henan province by analyzing the temporal and spatial differences of wheat yield and yield components.【Method】The spatial distribution maps of wheat grain yield and yield components in four wheat regions of Henan province from 2017 to 2020 were drawn based on the field monitoring data of fixed wheat monitoring stations in Henan province,and the optimal model was selected by geographic information system(GIS),and then the differences and relationships among different wheat regions were analyzed.【Result】The wheat yield and yield components were different between different wheat regions.Among them,the yield and the spike number in North Henan and Central Henan were significantly higher than those in South Henan and West Henan,and the North Henan’s were the most,while the West Henan’s were the least.However,the kernels per ear showed that the production regions in Central Henan,South Henan and North Henan were significantly more than West Henan’s,and the most in Central Henan,while the least in West Henan.The 1000-grains weight in North Henan was the most,while South Henan was the lowest.The wheat yield,spike number,kernels per ear,and 1000-grains weight in Central Henan and South Henan(Luohe,Zhoukou,Zhumadian,etc.)were often more than that of other places in Henan,and this performance were stable between years.Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the three elements of yield and yield in different wheat regions was inconsistent.Specifically speaking,the 1000-grains weight,the kernels per ear and the spike number in the North Henan and Central Henan regions had the largest correlation with the yield.However,the relationship with yield in East Henan and South Henan were appeared as:the spike number was the largest,the 1000-grains weight was the second,and the kernels per ear was the smallest.Path analysis was carried out on the three elements of

关 键 词：小麦产量 产量构成要素 小麦产区 时空分布 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S127