芽变选种推动世界苹果和柑橘产业优质高效发展案例解读  

Interpretation of the Case of Bud Sports Selection to Promote the High-Quality and Efficient Development of the World’s Apple and Citrus Industry

作　　者：陈学森[1] 伊华林[2] 王楠[1] 张敏 姜生辉 徐娟[2] 毛志泉[1] 张宗营[1] 王志刚 姜召涛 徐月华 李建明 CHEN XueSen;YIN HuaLin;WANG Nan;ZHANG Min;JIANG ShengHui;XU Juan;MAO ZhiQuan;ZHANG ZongYing;WANG ZhiGang;JIANG ZhaoTao;XU YueHua;LI JianMing(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Huanghuaihai Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018;Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Horticultural Plant Biology,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Central China,Ministry of Agriculture/Citrus Research Institute,Wuhan 430070;College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Hangzhou 311300;College of Horticulture,Qingdao Agricultural University/Qingdao Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic Improvement and Breeding,Qingdao 266109,Shandong;Shandong Fruit-Tea Technology Promotion Station,Jinan 250013;Yantai Fruit-Tea Technology Promotion Station,Yantai 264001,Shandong;Fruit Tree Work Station of Penglai,Penglai 265600,Shandong;Fruit Tree Research Institute of Jingning,Gansu,Jingning 743400,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]华中农业大学园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室/农业部华中地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室/柑橘研究所,武汉430070 [3]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院/省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300 [4]青岛农业大学园艺学院/青岛市园艺植物遗传改良与育种重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [5]山东省果茶技术推广站,济南250013 [6]烟台市果茶工作站,山东烟台264001 [7]蓬莱市果树工作总站,山东蓬莱265600 [8]甘肃省静宁果树果品研究所,甘肃静宁743400

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第4期755-768,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(31730080);山东省泰山学者攀登计划(tspd20161005)。

摘　　要：综述了植物表观遗传和果树芽变选种研究进展,深度解析芽变选种推动世界苹果和柑橘产业优质高效发展的经典案例,主要结果概述如下:(1)DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰等引起的表观遗传,广泛参与了植物各种生长发育过程及逆境胁迫响应;(2)果树芽变选种是优中选优,具有高效性、重演性、稳定性、多样性、多效性、表观遗传特性和实效性等6个特点,目前已选出苹果和柑橘等果树芽变品种600余个;(3)针对‘富士’和‘元帅’苹果及脐橙和温州蜜柑两类果树4个品种存在的问题,采用持续多代芽变选种技术,育成了系列新品种,形成了庞大的品种群,成为产业主栽品种,推动了产业的优质高效发展。因此,将来应加强两方面的工作:一是进一步加强果树芽变机理研究,推进育种技术创新。二是进一步提升果树芽变选种创新性及其推动果树产业发展重要性的认识,采用孟德尔遗传与表观遗传、常规技术与分子技术及杂交育种和芽变选种有机结合的技术路线,加大果树芽变选种及杂交新品种优系选育研究力度,为果树产业高质量发展提供品种支持。This review summarized the research progress of plant epigenetics and fruit tree bud sports selection,and analyzed the classic cases of bud sports selection promoting the high-quality and efficient development of the word’s apple and citrus industries.The main results were summarized as follows:(1)Epigenetics caused by DNA methylation and histone modification,etc.,was widely involved in various plant growth and development processes and adversity stress responses;(2)The selection of fruit tree bud sports was the best among the best.It had six characteristics,such as high efficiency,reproducibility,stability,diversity and pleiotropy,epigenetic characteristics,and practical effects.At present,more than 600 varieties of fruit tree bud sports have been selected,such as apples and citrus;(3)In response to the problems of the four varieties of Fuji,Delicious,Navel Oranges and Satsuma Mandarin,a series of new varieties have been bred using continuous multi-generation bud sports selection technology,forming a huge variety group and promoting the high-quality and efficient development of the industry.Therefore,two aspects should be further studied in the future:one is to further strengthen the mechanism of fruit tree bud sports and to promote the innovation of breeding technology;The second is to further enhance the awareness of the innovation of fruit tree bud sports selection and to further strengthen the understanding of the importance of the fruit tree industry,and the technical route of combining Mendelian inheritance and epigenetic inheritance should be adopt,combining conventional and molecular technology as well as hybrid breeding and bud sports selection,so as to increase the research efforts of fruit tree bud sports selection and new varieties breeding,and provide varieties support for the high-quality development of the fruit tree industry.

关 键 词：孟德尔遗传 表观遗传学 果树芽变选种 ‘富士’和‘元帅’苹果 脐橙和温州蜜柑 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S666[农业科学—园艺学]