我国高等教育分类管理政策历史演变、逻辑特征及前景展望  

Evolution,Characteristics and Prospect of the Classified Management Policy of Higher Education in China

作　　者：刘振天 张蕊 LIU Zhentian;ZHANG Rui

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期142-149,176,共9页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：全国哲学社会科学重点项目“高质量教育体系建设:理念、标准、机制与方法”(项目编号:21AZD068);教育部教育综合改革课题研究项目“我国高等教育分类管理政策:发展演变、执行效果、主要问题与改进策略”(项目编号:19JGET0015)之阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国高等教育分类管理政策大体经历三个阶段:分类管理的初步探索阶段(1949—1992年)、快速推进阶段(1993—2009年)、改革创新阶段(2010年—至今)。不同发展阶段,高等教育分类管理政策有着不同的建设目标。整体看来,我国高等教育分类管理政策呈现出如下特点:分类体系由“刚性分类”向“柔性分类”演进、分类对象由“单一主体”向“系统要素”扩展、分类过程由“给定固化”向“竞争流动”过渡、分类标准由“学科导向”向“人才培养”转变。针对我国高等教育分类管理存在的不足,加快出台各类高校设置标准、调整资源配置方案、落实高校分类评价等,理应成为我国高等教育分类管理政策的选择重点。Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the classified management policy of higher education has generally experienced three stages: the preliminary exploration stage of classified management (1949-1992), the rapid promotion stage of classified management (1993-2009), and the reform and innovation stage of classified management (2010- now). At different development stages, the classified management policy of higher education has different construction objectives, which not only meet practical needs of the development of higher education in China, but also objectively reflect the development rule and historical trend of higher education. On the whole, the classified management policy of higher education in China shows the following characteristics: the classification system evolves from "rigid classification" to "flexible classification", the classification object expands from "single subject" to "system elements", the classification process transits from "given structure" to "competitive change", and the classification standard changes from "discipline orientation" to "talent training". Facing the future, in view of the shortcomings of the classified management of higher education in China, accelerating the establishment of standards for higher education institutions, adjusting resource allocation schemes, and implementing classified evaluation of higher education institutions should become the focus of the classified management policy of higher education in China.

关 键 词：高等教育 分类管理 分类评价 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]