玄武岩的开发利用进展  

Development and Utilization of Basalt

作　　者：霍泳霖 霍冀川 张行泉[1,2,3] 秦桂璐 HUO Yonglin;HUO Jichuan;ZHANG Xingquan;QIN Guilu(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy and Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan,China;Analysis and Testing Center,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010 [3]西南科技大学分析测试中心,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第6期109-119,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：四川省先进材料重大科技专项项目(2019ZDZX0023);环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室资助项目(18fksy0211)。

摘　　要：玄武岩是地球洋壳和陆壳的重要组成物质,属基性火山岩,自然界资源非常丰富。玄武岩结构致密者压缩强度很大,抗风化能力强,具有耐磨性好、硬度大、吃水量少、导电性能差、抗压性强、压碎值低、抗腐蚀性强、抗滑系数大、与沥青粘结力强等独特天然属性及优异性能,被广泛用于公路、铁路、机场跑道、水泥混合材、制备混凝土建筑材料、建筑装饰材料和生产玄武岩纤维、岩棉、铸石、鳞片及放射性废物固化用基础材料等。本文全面分析了玄武岩的基本物理化学性质、矿物组成及化学组成,综述了玄武岩在纤维、岩棉、铸石、鳞片、高放射性废物玻璃及玻璃陶瓷固化、水泥混合材和混凝土掺和料以及粗集料等方面的开发利用进展,为综合高效利用玄武岩资源,进一步发展基于玄武岩的新材料提供支持。Basalt,a basic volcanic rock,is an important component of the oceanic and continental crust of the earth,and the natural resources are very rich.In addition to the dense compressive strength of its structure and good weathering resistance,basalt also has good wear resistance,high hardness,low draft,poor electrical conductivity,strong compression resistance,low crushing value,strong corrosion resistance,high sli-ding coefficient,and other natural properties.The excellent performance of basalt make is it suitable for use in highways,railways,airport runways,cement mixtures,preparation of concrete building materials,building decoration materials and production of basalt fiber,rock wool,cast stone,scales and basic materials for radioactive waste immobilition.Herein,the mineral and chemical composition of basalt and its physical and chemical properties are summarized,which is followed by a overview of research progress on the development and utilization of basalt fiber,rock wool,cast stone,scale,high-level radioactive waste glass and glass ceramic solidification,cement mixture and concrete admixture,and coarse progress.Overall,this review intends to provide a preliminary database for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of basalt resources and further guide the exploration of new materials based on basalt.

关 键 词：玄武岩纤维 岩棉 铸石 鳞片 放射性废物固化 混合材 集料 

分 类 号：TQ340.79[化学工程—化纤工业]