大型低温风洞结构设计关键技术分析  

Key technology for mechanical design in large-scale cryogenic wind tunnel

作　　者：赖欢[1] 祝长江[1] 陈万华[1] 廖达雄[1,2] 孙德文[1] LAI Huan;ZHU Changjiang;CHEN Wanhua;LIAO Daxiong;SUN Dewen(Facility Design and Instrumentation Institute,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,china;State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics,China Aerodynamic Research and)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所,绵阳621000 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心空气动力学国家重点实验室,绵阳621000

出　　处：《实验流体力学》2022年第1期19-26,共8页Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics

摘　　要：高雷诺数的模拟对飞行器的研制至关重要,是衡量风洞模拟能力的主要参数,低温风洞是工程上实现高雷诺数模拟的有效途径。作为低温风洞主体的洞体机械系统是其核心承载和功能设备,具有结构复杂、功能集成度高、可承受交变载荷等特点。通过分析国外低温风洞设计建设历程,结合国内低温风洞工程技术现状,对大型低温风洞洞体机械系统结构设计的关键技术进行分析,阐述洞体机械系统热应力及热变形控制、低温材料、宽温域重载传动机构、液氮喷射结构以及试验模型更换的核心指标、技术难点,并针对上述结构设计技术难点提出了攻关方向和后续研究建议。The high range of the Reynolds number is a core requirement for the aircraft model testing in the wind tunnel, and the feasible engineering way for broadening it is reducing the total temperature of the fluid. Therefore the cryogenic wind tunnel is needed. The mechanical circuit system is the core function facility of the cryogenic wind tunnel with special characteristics as complex structure, high integrated functions, and cyclical loading bearer. By contrasting the design of the overseas the cryogenic wind tunnel and the domestic cryogenic technology, the key technologies for the cryogenic wind tunnel mechanical circuit system design are discussed in this article, such as cryogenic materials, thermal stress and deformation control, wide temperature range and heavy load transmission mechanism, liquid nitrogen spray valves and model transposing for cryogenic testing. The core indicators, technical difficulties and research approaches of each aforementioned key technology are expounded, respectively. Finally, some proposals are offered for the cryogenic wind tunnel mechanical design.

关 键 词：低温风洞 关键技术 洞体机械系统 低温工程 

分 类 号：V211.74[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]