引入豆角的轮作模式对设施土壤硝态氮淋失的影响  

Effects of Crop Rotation with Bean on the Nitrate Leaching in Greenhouse Soils

作　　者：刘蕾 王凌[1] 肖广敏 茹淑华[1] 孙世友[1] 郜静[1] 李玭 赵欧亚 张国印[1] LIU Lei;WANG Ling;XIAO Guangmin;RU Shuhua;SUN Shiyou;GAO Jing;LI Pin;ZHAO Ouya;ZHANG Guoyin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第1期129-136,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0800404);河北省农林科学院博士资金项目。

摘　　要：为研究引入豆角的轮作模式对设施土壤硝态氮淋失的影响及机理,2018-2020年采用田间定位试验对比番茄-甜瓜、豆角-甜瓜、番茄-豆角3种轮作模式下设施土壤硝态氮淋失量的变化特征,并探讨驱动硝态氮淋失差异的关键因子。结果表明,相对于传统番茄-甜瓜轮作,引入豆角的轮作模式显著降低硝态氮淋失,其中,番茄-豆角轮作2 a总硝态氮淋失量比番茄-甜瓜显著下降39.74%,豆角-甜瓜轮作硝态氮淋失量比番茄-甜瓜降低6.32%。3种轮作模式中,番茄-豆角环境效益最佳,为推荐种植模式。Spearman相关分析表明,设施土壤硝态氮淋失量受0~100 cm土壤储水量、硝态氮累积量和温度影响最大,呈极显著正相关;与0~100 cm有机碳储量和全氮累积量显著正相关,与0~60 cm土壤pH值显著负相关。与传统番茄-甜瓜轮作相比,推荐种植模式(番茄-豆角)主要通过显著降低0~100 cm土壤储水量、硝态氮和全氮累积量并提高土壤pH值,从而改变土壤理化性质,以及缓解氮淋失敏感季节有机氮矿化等作用引起的背景氮淋失从而改变氮循环过程等途径降低硝态氮淋失。To investigate the effect and mechanism of different rotation systems on nitrate leaching,field experiments were carried out from 2018 to 2020 to compare the variation characteristics of nitrate leaching in greenhouse soil under three rotation systems,i.e.tomato-melon(TM),bean-melon(BM)and tomato-bean(TB),and to explore the controlling factors for differences in nitrate leaching.Results showed that the rotation with Vigna unguiculata significantly reduced the amount of nitrate leaching compared with the traditional TM rotation.The total nitrate leaching loss of TB was significantly decreased by 39.74%compared with TM,however,the nitrate leaching loss of BM were significantly decreased by 6.32%.Collectively,TB had the best environmental benefits among three rotations,which was the recommended rotation pattern.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the NO_(3)^(-)-N leaching was most affected by 0-100 cm soil water storage,soil NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation and temperature,with a highly significant positive correlation.A positive correlation of NO_(3)^(-)-N leaching with 0-100 cm organic carbon storage and soil total nitrogen accumulation,as well as a negative correlation with 0-60 cm soil pH value were also observed.Comparing with the traditional TM,the decreasing of nitrate leaching in recommended rotation pattern(TB)was mainly attributed to significant reduction of 0-100 cm soil water storage,soil NO_(3)^(-)N and total nitrogen accumulation,and significant increment of soil pH value to chang soil physical and chemical properties,together with alleviating the background nitrate leaching caused by organic nitrogen mineralization in sensitive leaching seasons.

关 键 词：豆科轮作 氮淋失 设施蔬菜 土壤性质 温度 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]