中国厨余垃圾处理技术及资源化方案选择  

Food waste treatment technology and resource solution options in China

作　　者：靳晨曦 孙士强 盛维杰 杨殿海[1] 马亚东 贺文智[1] 李光明[1] JIN Chen-xi;SUN Shi-qiang;SHENG Wei-jie;YANG Dian-hai;MA Ya-dong;HE Wen-zhi;LI Guang-ming(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Ecoacell Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]上海壹柯环境科技有限公司,上海200062

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第3期1240-1251,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1906000)。

摘　　要：介绍了中国厨余垃圾的产量及特征,分析了厨余垃圾粉碎直排、填埋、焚烧、饲料、昆虫养殖、堆肥、转换能源和高值化利用处理技术的现状及优缺点,表明厨余垃圾资源化处理是未来的发展趋势,其中饲料化应是未来值得提倡的资源化技术之一.此外,对比了厌氧消化和好氧堆肥两大主流资源化模式的特点,厌氧消化和好氧堆肥分别适用于集中大规模处理和分散式、中小规模、源头减量处理的应用场景.最后,提出了适合中国厨余垃圾资源化的废弃油脂炼制生物柴油+厌氧消化产甲烷+沼渣好氧堆肥组合工艺方案,为厨余垃圾的高效资源化处理提供一定参考.This paper introduced the production and characteristics of food waste in China, and the current status, advantages and disadvantages of food waste treatment technologies including crushing and direct discharge, landfill, incineration, feed, insect farming, composting, energy conversion and high value utilization were analyzed. It was shown that the resource treatment of food waste was the future development trend, among which the feed method should be one of the resource treatment technologies to be promoted in the future. Besides, the characteristics of the two mainstream resource recovery modes, anaerobic digestion and composting, were compared. Anaerobic digestion and composting were suitable for centralised large scale treatment and decentralised, small to medium scale, source reduction treatment scenarios respectively. Finally, a combined technology solution of biodiesel from waste oil + methane production from anaerobic digestion + composting of digestate was proposed, which was suitable for the recycling of food waste in China, and provided some reference for the efficient resource treatment of food waste.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 废物处理 资源利用 厌氧消化 堆肥 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]