工业化农业与生态农业的国际比较及其对中国的启示  

International comparison between industrialized agriculture and eco-agriculture and its implications to China

作　　者：冷鹏 盛邦跃[1] 武舜臣 LENG Peng;SHENG Bang-yue;WU Shun-chen(Institute of the Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2022年第1期48-58,共11页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(18CJY035);山西省政府重大决策咨询课题(ZB20211902)。

摘　　要：工业化农业与生态农业是国际农业现代化的两种主要路径,其实践经验对于中国农业现代化的转型建设具有重要意义。本文采用文献分析和历史研究法,对农业现代化的内涵、地区实践和关键特征进行梳理总结,并从生产力、资源环境、社会经济、营养与健康4个方面对比分析两种路径的成效与不足,探讨中国农业现代化发展道路。研究表明,工业化农业能够显著提高粮食产量和劳动生产效率,适用于耕地充足的大型农场和规模农业经营户,但在环境保护、资源利用、食品安全和农户生计保障上存在不足。生态农业能够保证稳定的粮食产出、提供多样化的高品质农产品,在生物多样性保护、资源利用率和农户生计保障上表现出优势,适用于耕地资源紧张的区域和小农户,但面临覆盖范围小、技术手段陈旧等问题。根据国际经验,结合中国农业现代化发展中存在的问题,提出应充分尊重农民意愿,生态化改造工业化农业,智慧化升级生态农业,同时传承利用中华农耕文化中的生态智慧,选择适合地区禀赋特征的农业现代化道路。Industrialized agriculture and eco-agriculture are two main paths of international agricultural modernization,and their practical experience is of great significance to the transformation and construction of China’s agricultural modernization.Through literature analysis and historical research,this paper summarizes the connotation,regional practice,and key characteristics of agricultural modernization,and compares the effectiveness and deficiency of the two approaches from four aspects of productivity,environmental impacts,social economy,and nutrition and health to explore the development path of agricultural modernization in China.Results show that industrialized agriculture can significantly improve grain production and labor productivity and it is suitable for large farms and large-scale agricultural operators with sufficient farmland.However,there are some concerns about environmental protection,resource utilization,food safety,and household livelihood security.In contrast,eco-agriculture can ensure stable grain output,provide diversified high-quality agricultural products,and promote biodiversity conservation,resource utilization,and livelihood security of farmers.It is suitable for the regions with scarce farmland resources and small farms.However,eco-agriculture also faces some challenges,too,including small coverage and outdated technical means.According to international experience and the problems existing in China’s agricultural modernization development,this paper suggests:to fully respect farmers’ will,to transform industrialized agriculture ecologically,to upgrade eco-agriculture intelligently,to inherit and utilize the ecological wisdom of Chinese farming culture,and to select the appropriate agricultural modernization paths combined with the regional endowment characteristics.

关 键 词：工业化农业 生态农业 国际比较 实践结果 农业现代化路径 启示 

分 类 号：F320.1[经济管理—产业经济] S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]