明仁、宣时期官员惩治  

Official punishment during Renzong and Xuanzong in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：蔡明伦 高秀英 CAI Ming-lun;GAO Xiu-ying(History Department of Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北师范大学历史文化学院,湖北黄石435002 [2]湖北师范大学附属中学(黄石一中),湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《湖北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期48-54,97,共8页Journal of Hubei Normal University（Philosophy and Social Science）

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“明代官员问责研究”(编号:14BZS025)。

摘　　要：明朝仁、宣时期官员惩治涵盖谋反、谋叛、结党、擅权、渎职、犯赃罪、不胜职任、诈伪、失德违礼、以言事被责及遭受倾轧攻讦等诸多情形,具有惩治范围广泛、惩治多适当及惩处力度较轻但独严风宪和贪赃惩治等特点。相比于洪武、永乐时期严猛恐怖的惩治气氛,仁、宣时期的官员惩治主要针对官场痼疾,澄清吏治,整体追责氛围较前朝宽缓。这种惩治风气的转变,既是明初政局变动、时代所需的结果,也跟皇帝审慎明察的惩治态度、善于用人、官员得力以及君臣关系融洽密切相关。仁、宣时期由此成为明代历史上官员惩治效果最好的一个阶段,导致“仁宣之治”局面的出现。但终明一世,官员惩治效果最好的时期出现在惩治机制尚不完备的仁、宣时期,彰显了人治因素在官员惩治中所起的作用要比制度因素强固得多。In the period of Hong Xi and Xuan De of Ming Dynasty,the official punishment covered many situations,such as rebellion,rebellion,party-building,power-breaking,malfeasance,crime of stolen goods,incompetence,false pretences,disingenuous morality,being held accountable by words and being attacked and punished.Compared with Hongwu and Yongle periods,the official punishment in Ren zong and Xuan zong periods was mainly aimed at the chronic diseases of officialdom,clarifying the administration of officials,and the overall atmosphere of punishment was wider and slower than that of the previous dynasty.This change in the atmosphere of punishment was not only the result of the political changes and times in the early Ming Dynasty,but also closely related to the emperor's prudent and clear attitude of punishment in the main body of accountability,good at employing people,effective officials and harmonious relations between monarch and ministers.As a result,Hong Xi and Xuan De became the best period of official punishment in the history of Ming Dynasty,which led to the emergence of the situation of“Ren Xuan ZhiZhi”.

关 键 词：明代 官员惩治 仁宣之治 人治 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]