19世纪英国的通俗科学期刊与公众科学文化  

Popular Scientific Periodicals and Public Culture of Science in Nineteenth-Century Britain

作　　者：黄相辅 HUANG Hsiangfu(Research Center for the History of Modern World,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350)

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第3期39-47,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助项目“民国时期中英知识分子对世界史观的交流”(项目编号:63212041)。

摘　　要：英国维多利亚时代早期的科学出版市场兴盛,许多传播通俗科学知识的期刊在市面上互相竞争,争取城市里新兴的中产及工人阶级读者的青睐。本文以1830至1840年代期间出版的《钱伯斯爱丁堡周刊》《便士杂志》《科艺杂志》《自然史杂志》与《自然史年鉴》为代表案例,探讨不同类型期刊的出版策略,以及编辑对于公众参与科学的态度如何影响期刊路线。这些案例显示,所谓通俗或学术期刊的分野,在19世纪前半是模糊且充满动态变化的。期刊对于公众科学文化的历史形成也扮演多元的角色:一方面能推动开放大众参与的“低阶科学”文化,一方面也能成为专家排除业余爱好者、巩固学科专业界线并塑造内部成员规范的有力工具。The science publishing trade was flourishing in early Victorian Britain.Many periodicals covering popular scientific knowledge competed with each other in the market.They appealed to a newly-growing urban audience of the middle or working classes.This article takes five periodicals published in the 1830s and the 1840s,including Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal,Penny Magazine,the Magazine of Science and School of Arts,the Magazine of Natural History,and the Annals of Natural History,as representative cases,to discuss different strategies of the periodicals.It also explores how the attitudes of the periodical editors towards public participation in science influenced the journals’approaches.These cases show that the distinction between popular and academic journals was blurred and changing in the first half of the nineteenth century.On the one hand,periodicals could shape an inclusive culture of“low science”.On the other hand,they could also be a powerful tool for experts to exclude amateur hobbyists,to consolidate disciplinary boundaries,and to shape norms among internal members.

关 键 词：19世纪业余爱好者 科学期刊 廉价报刊 科学知识传播 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]