合同诈骗罪中“兜底条款”的限制解释研究--以骗逃部分铁路运费案为中心的分析  

On the Strict Interpretation of"Catch-all Provision"in the Legislation on the Crime of Contract Fraud--An Analysis Centered on the Case of Partially Evading Rail Freight

作　　者：蔡道通[1] CAI Daotong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第3期59-73,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“经济犯罪类型化与刑事违法判断相对性研究”(项目编号:21BFX175)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：骗逃部分铁路运费的行为,能否以合同诈骗罪的“兜底条款”定罪处刑,应当尊重刑法特别立法的独立价值,以及前置法对刑事规范解释的可能意义。铁路法针对不同行为类型规定的不同法律后果,成为制约“兜底条款”解释的前置法限制。合同诈骗罪列明行为与项前规定,共同构成了合同诈骗罪的构成要件,解释者不能无视列明行为的刑法教义学价值。合同诈骗罪列明行为的最大公约数构成了“兜底条款”解释的另一限制。行为人没有履行合同的诚意、或者没有履行合同的能力与基础,或者既没有履行诚意也没有履行能力和基础,是合同诈骗罪列明行为的最大公约数,构成了合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”与“公私财产损失”的解释边界。列明行为其实表达着立法者织密“规范密度”的立场,这一立法导向与“规范密度”是“兜底条款”应当限缩解释的依据。骗逃部分铁路运费的行为,不符合合同诈骗罪“规范密度”所体现的最大公约数要求,因而不属于“兜底条款”所涵盖的规制范围。铁路法带有公法性质的惩罚性责任的规定以及刑法的其他前置法规定,足以调整骗逃部分铁路运费的行为。刑法的最后手段原则应当得到贯彻。The answer to the question of whether the perpetrator of partially evading rail freight can be convicted and sentenced according to the"catch-all provision"in the legislation on the crime of contract fraud should be made with respect to the independent value of special legislation in the criminal law and the possible influence of predicate laws on the interpretation of criminal norms.The railway law stipulates different legal consequences for different categorized conducts,which imposes the limitation of a predicate law on the interpretation of"catch-all provision".The enumerated conducts and the preceding provision in the legislation on the crime of contract fraud jointly stipulate the constituent elements of such offence,thus an interpreter cannot ignore the dogmatic value of such enumerated conducts in the criminal law.The greatest common divisor of those enumerated conducts in the legislation on the crime of contract fraud,including the perpetrator’s lack of good faith in the performance of contract,lack of capacity of and foundation for the performance of contract,or lack both of such good faith and capacity and foundation,constitutes another limitation on the interpretation of"catch-all provision"and forms the boundary of interpreting the"intent of illegal occupation"and"loss to public or private property".Such enumerated conducts actually express the legislator’s stance of tightening the"density of norms"and such legislative orientation and the"density of norms"is the concrete embodiment that"catch-all"provision should be strictly interpreted.The conduct of partially evading rail freight does not satisfy the requirement of the greatest common divisor reflected by the"density of norms"of the legislation on the crime of contract fraud,thus not being covered in the regulatory scope of the"catch-all"provision.The provisions of the railway law on the punitive responsibilities with the nature of public law and other predicate laws of the criminal law are sufficient to regulate such conduct of partially evadi

关 键 词：合同诈骗罪 兜底条款 体系解释 前置法 规范密度 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]