论最有利于未成年人原则的司法适用  

On the Judicial Application of the Principle of the Best Interest of the Minors

作　　者：王广聪 WANG Guangcong

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院第九检察厅,北京100726

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第3期134-147,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“未成年人司法先议权研究”(项目批准号:20BFX099)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新修订的《未成年人保护法》确立了最有利于未成年人原则,体现了未成年人保护理念的巨大进步。这一原则对未成年人工作的总领性作用,将对包括司法保护在内的“六大保护”产生积极的影响和深刻的变革。但国内外既往实践表明,这一原则的概念含糊、适用标准不确定,需要对该法第4条规定及六项具体要求进行体系化梳理与阐释。具体来说,应当明确最有利于未成年人原则司法适用的基础理念,强调“保护与教育相结合”的目标引领,注意尊重未成年人权利主体地位的意识,以及“适应未成年人身心健康发展的规律和特点”的手段限定和路径要求;应当强化该原则司法适用的规则体系建设,通过操作性规则推进特殊保护、优先保护分层次地落实;应当注重协调特殊规则之间的冲突,以原则克服规则适用的局限;应当注意控制原则适用的司法权力,保持司法积极作为与理性克制之间平衡,最终推动形成最有利于未成年人原则的规则化、开放性的司法适用体系。The newly-amended Law on the Protection of Minors establishes the principle of the best interest of the minors,demonstrating the great progress in the idea of protecting minors.This principle plays a generally-leadingrole in the work of minorsand will produce a positive impact and profound changes on the"six categories of protection"including judicial protection.However,the past practice at home and abroad has shown that its concept is vague and its applicable standards are uncertain,thus it is necessary to systematically analyze and explain the provisions and six specific requirements of Article 4 of this law.Specifically,we should clarify the basic idea of the judicial application of the best interest of the minors,emphasize the guidance through the goal of"combining education and protection",stress the awareness of respecting the minors’status as the right subjects,and take measures and choose the path which are"suitable to the law and characteristics of physical and mental health of the minors";we should strengthen the construction of the rule system for the judicial application of this principle,promote the special protection and prioritized protection in a tiered way through operational rules;we should pay attention to coordinating conflicts between special rules and use this principle to overcome the limitations of the application of rules;we should pay attention to control the judicial power of applying the principle so as to maintain a balance between active judicial action and rational restraint,etc.,thus ultimately promoting the formation of a normalized and open judicial application system that is in the best interests of the minors.

关 键 词：最有利于未成年人原则 未成年人法 未成年人司法 

分 类 号：DF393[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]