立法审查建议“双轨制”的确立与完善  

The Establishment and Improvement of"Dual-Track Institution"on Proposing Legislative Review

作　　者：俞海涛 YU Haitao

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第3期148-162,共15页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国立法法》第99条第2款规定的立法审查建议制度在实践中遇到了数量难题和救济难题。学界对建议主体资格的争论混淆了人民主权逻辑和公民权利逻辑。《中华人民共和国立法法》规定的审查建议权是《中华人民共和国宪法》第41条“政治监督权”的具体化,而非“权利救济权”的具体化,旨在通过公众参与维护法制统一,而非建立宪法诉愿制度救济特定公民权利。限制广泛公众的建议权不符合立法原意,而对特定公民的权利诉求不管不顾也只能说是本末倒置。应在区分的前提下兼顾这两类基于不同逻辑的立法审查建议,确立符合我国宪法安排的“双轨制”,完善和发展相应的抽象审查和复合审查。审查建议能为推进包括合宪性审查在内的立法审查工作提供强大动力,需引起足够重视。The institution on proposing legislative review stipulated in Article 99(2)of the Law on Legislation suffers difficulties in issues of number and remedy in practice.The academic debate on the subject qualification confuses the logic of people’s sovereignty with the logic of citizen’s rights.The right of proposing review stipulated in the Law on Legislation is the embodiment of the"political supervision power"in Article 41 of the Constitution rather than the"right to remedy",aiming to maintain the unity of the legal system through public participation rather than to remedy specific civil rights through establishing the constitutional petition system.Restricting the right of the general public to propose is not in line with the initial legislative intent,and ignoring the right claim of specific citizens is just like putting the cart before the horse.Therefore,we should consider both kinds of legislative review proposal which are based on different logic under the premise of distinction,establish a dual-track institution which is in line with the arrangement of the Constitution of China,and further improve and develop corresponding abstract review and compound review.Since the review proposal can provide a powerful impetus for promoting legislative review inclusive of constitutionality review,we should pay enough attention to it.

关 键 词：立法审查 审查建议 主权逻辑 权利逻辑 双轨制 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]