强令、组织他人违章冒险作业罪的司法误识与纠偏  

Judicial Misunderstanding of the Crime of Forcing or Organizing Others to Work at Risk in Violation of Regulations and Its Correction

作　　者：杨绪峰 YANG Xufeng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第2期69-83,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“过失犯的结果回避可能性研究”(项目编号:21FYBO29)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《刑法》第134条第2款是安全生产领域"可堪大用"的重罪规定,但过去十余年的司法实践效果并不理想,存在解释宽泛化和处罚轻缓化的问题。经由《刑法修正案(十一)》修订后,强令、组织他人违章冒险作业罪的规制类型囊括了危险创设类型和危险维持类型。在为生产、作业人员带来不被允许的危险方面,这一划分具有周延性。强令行为需达到使他人不得不违心作业的心理强制程度,是否具有职权只是一个辅助判断因素。"违章"与"冒险"之间具有递进性和关联性。重大事故隐患需对人的生命、身体安全具有客观危险;"明知"表明行为人已经预见到重大事故隐患发生侵害结果的危险,行为人由于轻信能够避免结果发生,主观上仍是过失。"不排除"应从客观效果来看,只要重大事故隐患在客观上没有得到排除,就属于"不排除",而不必考虑行为人主观上想不想排除以及凭借自身能力能不能排除。"组织"不必是上级负责人亲自实施,在其授权范围内的下级人员的正常组织行为也能评价为上级负责人的组织行为。Paragraph 2 of Article 134 of Criminal Law is a felony-related provision which can be very useful in the field of safe production, but the effect of judicial practice in the past ten years is not satisfactory, resulting in doubts about the broad interpretation and the lenient punishment. After the Amendment XI to Criminal Law, the conducts prohibited in the crime of forcing or organizing others to work at risk in violation of regulations include danger creation and danger maintenance. This categorization is comprehensive in terms of bringing impermissible danger to production and operation staffs. The forcing conduct needs to reach the psychologically coercive degree that makes others have to work against their wills, and whether the subject has authority or not is only an auxiliary judgment factor. There is progression and correlation between "violating regulations" and "taking risks". The serious accident potential should be objective danger to human life and body safety. "Knowing" indicates that the perpetrator has foreseen the danger of the infringement result caused by the serious accident potential, and believes without proper reason that such consequence could be avoided, so the perpetrator is subjectively negligent. "failure to remove" should be decided from the perspective of objective effect.As long as the serious accident potential is not objectively removed, "failure to remove" is satisfied, and there is no need to consider whether the perpetrator subjectively wants to remove it or not and whether he/she is able to remove it or not. "Organizing" need not be implemented by the superior person in charge, and the normal conduct of organizing of the subordinate staffs within the scope of authorization can also be evaluated as an organizing conduct of the superior person in charge.

关 键 词：强令 重罪 司法异化 危险创设类型 危险维持类型 

分 类 号：DF621[政治法律—刑法学]