湖北丹江口庞湾琉璃窑址出土窑业遗物的科技分析  

A Test Report on the Pottery Objects Unearthed at Pangwan Site in Danjiangkou,Hubei Province

作　　者：徐华烽[1] 马仁杰 崔剑锋 王光尧[4] 康予虎 李毅 Xu Huafeng;Ma Renjie;Wang Guangyao;Cui Jianfeng;Kang Yuhu;Li Yi

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院研究室 [2]北京大学考古文博学院 [3]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [4]故宫博物院器物部 [5]湖北省文物考古研究院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2022年第2期92-106,135,共16页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金重大项目《南京大报恩寺遗址考古发现与研究》(批准号:18ZDA211)子课题三《大报恩寺遗址出土明代琉璃研究》;2020年国家社科基金项目《北京故宫慈宁宫遗址考古资料的整理与研究》(批准号:20BKG014)的资助,系以上两项目的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：湖北丹江口庞湾窑址,是明代专供武当山琉璃烧制的皇家官窑,时代为明代早中期到清代早期。本文重点对出土于庞湾窑址的琉璃原料、半成品、成品进行化学分析——结果表明:庞湾琉璃普遍采用一类低铝低硅、高铁高钙高镁的黏土制胎,在庞湾村中河南岸发现有类似组成的原料,表明琉璃的胎料很可能取自本地。琉璃的铅釉化学组成比较稳定,成分接近于PbO-SiO;-CaO-Al;O;低共熔混合物。配制铅釉时应该直接加入了石英类的原料,釉层中一定含量的Al;O;和CaO很可能来自于胎体,并非古代工匠有意识引入。综合现代矿床数据,庞湾琉璃具有与豫西洛宁县铁炉坪矿床一致的铅同位素比值特征,为研究庞湾窑的铅料来源提供了可能。The report presents the test results of the remaining objects in raw materials,semi-finished and finished products unearthed at Pangwan kiln site as a royal manufacturer to fire glazed tiles dedicated to Wudang Mount during the late Ming to the early Qing dynasties.The results indicate:the glazed tiles contain low aluminum and low silicon but high-iron and high-calcium and high-magnesium.The finding of the stuff with similar elements on the south bank of the river by the village suggests that the raw materials are sourced from the local area.Lead glaze is relatively stable with the chemical composition close to mixed eutectic PbO-SiO;-CaO-Al;O;.The formula for lead glaze might have already contained quartz raw materials.There is possibility that the pottery objects themselves have certain amount of Al;O;and CaO rather than the craftsmen added intentionally.More research is to be done as for whether Pangwan kiln as the imperial manufacturer has other market demand and distribution of products.The data of Pangwan glazed tiles have the same lead isotope ratios as Tieluping in Luoning County,Henan Province,providing possible approaches to the source of the lead in Pangwan kiln.The above analysis is expected to be informative support to the key issues on glazed tiles in production background,management system,market circulation of the Ming dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 庞湾窑 琉璃 高铁高钙胎 石灰碱釉 生产背景 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]