2016年北京市某城区采暖季PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征及来源分析  

Pollution characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during heating season in a district of Beijing,China,2016

作　　者：唐志刚[1] 刘喆[1] 李韵谱[1] 李娜[1] 徐春雨[1] 王秦[1] 常君瑞[1] TANG Zhi-gang;LIU Zhe;LI Yun-pu;LI Na;XU Chun-yu;WANG Qin;CHANG Jun-rui(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China 100021)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2022年第2期87-94,共8页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：2015公益性行业科研专项(201502003)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016年北京市某城区采暖季重污染与非重污天气过程PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征,并对PAHs的污染来源进行初步识别。方法2016年12月30日—2017年2月9日连续采集42 d PM_(2.5)样品,采用高效液相色谱法测定PAHs水平,分析比较重污染与非重污染天气过程PAHs的污染特征,采用特征比值法对PAHs的污染来源进行初步识别。结果采样期间PM_(2.5)及其PAHs质量浓度M(P_(25),P_(75))为78.23(50.05,218.93)μg/m^(3)和58.06(25.23,112.13)ng/m^(3);重污染天气过程的PM_(2.5)及PAHs质量浓度中位数分别是非重污染天气过程的3.94倍和2.89倍;无论是重污染还是非重污染天气过程,单体PAHs中占比最高的均为荧蒽、苯并b荧蒽和芘,累积占比达50%,其次是Ba P,占比为10%;4环PAHs占比最高(50.5%±9.2%),其次是5环PAHs(34.5%±7.2%),6环PAHs(15.0%±3.7%)最低。重污染与非重污染天气过程单体和环数占比分布变化不大。4环PAHs/(5环PAHs+6环PAHs)、Ba P/Bghi P、Ind/(Ind+Bghi P)、Fl T/(Fl T+Pyr)和Ba A/(Ba A+Chr)的均值分别为1.08、1.56、0.53、0.58和0.49,提示PAHs污染主要来自本地污染源,煤/生物质燃烧源和交通源为主要污染来源。结论2016年北京市某城区采暖季PAHs污染水平仍处于较高水平,燃煤和机动车尾气是其主要来源,建议周边居民出行应做好个人健康防护。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics and identify the sources of PM_(2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hy-drocarbons(PAHs)on heavily polluted days and non-heavily polluted days during the heating season in a district of Beijing,China in 2016.Methods PM_(2.5) samples were collected for 42 consecutive days from December 30,2016 to February 9,2017,and high-per-formance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to measure the concentration of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs of the samples.The pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs were compared between heavily polluted days and non-heavily polluted days,and the characteris-tic ratio method was used to preliminarily identify the sources of PAHs in PM_(2.5).Results During sampling,the median(P_(25),P_(75))of mass concentration was 78.23(50.05,218.93)μg/m^(3)for PM_(2.5) and 58.06(25.23,112.13)ng/m^(3)for PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs.The me-dians of mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs on heavily polluted days were 3.94 and 2.89 times higher than those on non-heavily polluted days,respectively.On both heavily polluted days and non-heavily polluted days,fluoranthene,benzo[b]fluoran-thene,and pyrene had the highest proportion among PAHs,accounting for 50%in total,followed by Ba P,accounting for 10%.Four-ring PAHs had the highest proportion of 50.5%±9.2%,followed by five-ring PAHs(34.5%±7.2%)and six-ring PAHs(15.0%±3.7%).There was no significant difference in the distribution of PAHs components and PAHs with different numbers of rings between heavily polluted days and non-heavily polluted days.The mean of characteristic ratios of four-ring PAHs/(five-ring PAHs+six-ring PAHs),Ba P/Bghi P,Ind/(Ind+Bghi P),Fl T/(Fl T+Pyr),and Ba A/(Ba A+Chr)were 1.08,1.56,0.53,0.58,and 0.49,respectively,that indicated PAHs mainly came from local sources of coal/biomass combustion and traffic emission.Conclusion There was a rela-tively high pollution level of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs in the district of Beijing during the heating season in 2016,and coal combustion and vehicle ex

关 键 词：多环芳烃 细颗粒物(PM_(2.5)) 空气污染 来源 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]