百色芒果主产区果园施肥状况及减施潜力分析  

Analysis on fertilization status and potential of fertilizer reduction in mango orchard in Baise

作　　者：区惠平[1] 彭嘉宇 周柳强[1] 黄金生[1] 朱晓晖[1] 曾艳[1] 谢如林[1] 谭宏伟[1] 雷秋良[2] OU Hui-ping;PENG Jia-yu;ZHOU Liu-qiang;HUANG Jin-sheng;ZHU Xiao-hui;ZENG Yan;XIE Ru-lin;TAN Hong-wei;LEI Qiu-liang(Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/South China Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部华南植物营养与施肥技术科学观测实验站,南宁530007 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第12期3375-3381,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西创新驱动专项(桂科AA20108002-2);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT036,桂农科2021JM55);科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动(桂农科盟202013)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查分析百色芒果主产区果园施肥现状,探究果园化肥减施潜力,为果园的科学合理施肥及芒果产业的绿色发展提供理论依据。【方法】采用实地走访、问卷调查方式,于2020年8—12月调查百色田东县79个代表性芒果园的养分投入状况,并结合文献资料中的肥料推荐施用量,估算芒果园肥料减施潜力。【结果】芒果园以种植台农1号芒和桂热芒82号品种为主,所调查的果农有93.5%施入采果后催梢肥,且施肥时间以9月主(52.2%);53.3%的果农施入壮果肥,施肥时间集中在3、4和5月;芒果园N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分平均投入量分别为0.54、0.50和0.52 kg/株,存在重化肥轻有机肥现象,化肥N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O平均投入量占果园相应养分总投入量的91.8%、79.6%和97.5%。对比推荐施用量,N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O养分投入超标样本比例依次为41.6%~53.2%、76.6%~88.3%和19.5%~26.0%。芒果园氮肥相对减肥潜力为7.3%~22.2%,磷肥相对减肥潜力为39.6%~57.7%,钾肥平均施用量未达推荐施用量。【结论】百色芒果园氮磷投入过量,钾肥投入不足、有机肥严重不足问题较普遍,磷肥减施潜力最大。建议增施有机肥和钾肥,适当控制氮磷投入,优化果园养分管理。【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate fertilization status of mango orchard in the main man-gogrowing areas of Baise city and analyze its potential of fertilizer reduction,with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable fertilization and green development of mango industry.【Method】The nutrient input status of 79 representative mango orchards in Tiandong County of Baise was investigated from August to December in 2020 by field visit and questionnaire survey,and the fertilizer reduction potential of mango orchards was estimated based on the recommended fertilizer application amount in literature.【Result】Mango orchards were dominated by the cultivation of Tainong No.1 and Guiremang No.82 varieties.93.5%of the surveyed fruit farmers applied fertilizer at post-harvest stage,and the applying time was mainly in September(52.2%).53.3%of fruit farmers applied fertilizer at fruiting stage,and the fertilization time was concentrated in March,April and May.The average inputs of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O in mango orchard were 0.54,0.50 and 0.52 kg/plant respectively,which mainly came from chemical fertilizer but not organic fertilizer.The inputs of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O from chemical fertilizer accounted for 91.8%,79.6%and 97.5%of the total nutrient inputs in mango orchard.The proportion of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O exceeding the recommended dosage were 41.6%-53.2%,76.6%-88.3%and 19.5%-26.0%respectively.The relative potential of fertilizer reduction were 7.3%-22.2%for N and 39.6%-57.7%for P_(2)O_(5).The average input of K_(2)O did not reach the recommended dosage.【Conclusion】The input of N and P is excessive,while the input of K is insufficient,and the input of organic manure is seriously lack.The potential of fertilizer reduction for P is the largest.It is suggested to properly increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer,and control the input of N and P fertilizer to optimize the nutrient management of orchard.

关 键 词：芒果园 养分投入 减施潜力 广西百色 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]