微单倍型在法医遗传学中的研究进展  

Research progress on application of microhaplotype in forensic genetics

作　　者：周靖 王艳[1] 徐恩萍[1,2] ZHOU Jing;WANG Yan;XU Enping(Department of Pathology and Pathophy-siology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Forensic Science Center,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学基础医学院病理学与病理生理学系,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学司法鉴定中心,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（医学版）》2021年第6期777-782,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划(LGF21H230001,2016C33150);浙江省自然科学基金(LY17H160025)。

摘　　要：微单倍型是一种可以应用于法医遗传学的新型遗传标记,具有多态性高、突变率低、无stutter产物、扩增片段短的特点。微单倍型可以有效检出混合斑,并对混合斑贡献者定量分析;对严重碎片化的DNA成功分型,应用于降解检材;作为始祖信息位点将全球大陆人群按照遗传结构进行有效划分;提供比短串联重复更多的信息量,帮助鉴定复杂亲缘关系;还可以为肿瘤身源鉴定、细胞系鉴定、产前亲子鉴定提供新的思路,因此具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文就微单倍型的上述应用方向进行论述,以期为法医学实践提供参考。As a novel genetic marker, microhaplotype can be applied in the field of forensic genetics. Microhaplotype has the advantages of high polymorphism, low mutation rate, no stutter products and short amplification fragments. Microhaplotype can effectively detect mixture, and quantitatively analyze the contributors of mixture. DNA with severe fragmentation can be successfully genotyped by microhaplotype. It can be used as ancestry informative marker to effectively divide the global continental population according to genetic structure. Microhaplotype system can provide more information than traditional short tandem repeat and help to identify complex relationships. It can providenew ideas for tumor source identification, cell line identification and prenatal paternitytesting. Here we review the applications of microhaplotype, intending to providereferences for forensic practice.

关 键 词：法医遗传学 微单倍型 生物学物证 混合斑 降解检材 种族推断 复杂亲缘关系 综述 

分 类 号：R89[医药卫生—法医学] DF795.2[医药卫生—临床医学]