我国建筑设计标准中通风开口尺度地域适用性分析  

Research on the Regional Rationality of Ventilation Opening Dimension in Chinese Building Design Standards

作　　者：樊新颖 陈滨[1] 宋晓明[1] Fan Xinying;Chen Bin;Song Xiaoming(School of Civil Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,116023;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou,450003)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学土木工程学院,大连116023 [2]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450003

出　　处：《制冷与空调（四川）》2022年第1期1-9,共9页Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“寒冷地区居住室内环境关联健康影响表征模型研究”(51578103);“十三五”重点研发计划课题“村镇建筑需求适应性被动太阳能供暖技术研究”(2018YFD1100701-02)。

摘　　要：通风开口设计与自然通风和室内环境热舒适直接相关。目前,我国现行建筑通风开口尺度涉及的相关设计标准主要借鉴了早期台湾省及日本建筑法规等来确定,一直沿用至今。标准中的通风开口尺度未考虑气候差异性,全国采用统一赋值,该数值确定时重点考虑了是否满足换气次数的要求,较少关注对建筑热环境的影响,故开展了此项工作。首先,系统地回顾了我国通风开口设计标准的发展沿革及通风开口尺度的确定依据。并在此基础上,以多层住宅楼中间层某一南向单侧通风起居室作为典型案例,利用EnergyPlus软件模拟分析了通风开口尺度设计值在我国不同气候区6个代表性城市的适用性。研究结果表明,我国现行通风开口尺度设计标准能够满足建筑换气次数的要求,但较难满足夏季建筑室内环境热舒适性要求。为此,本研究进一步以案例建筑的换气次数、适应性热舒适指标为优化目标开展了关联研究,得到了各城市案例建筑通风开口面积与地板面积的最佳修正比值,使得室内不舒适百分比有所下降,其中成都地区最为显著。本研究为建立更加符合我国国情的建筑通风开口尺度设计提供了理论参考依据。The ventilation opening dimension design is directly related to natural ventilation and indoor thermal comfort. At present, the current Chinese building design standards related to building ventilation opening dimension are mainly determined with reference to the building regulations of Taiwan Province and Japanese in the early stage, and they have been used until now. The ventilation opening dimension in the standard does not take into account the climatic differences, and a unified value is adopted throughout the country. When determining the value, it focuses on whether the ventilation opening dimension meets the requirements of natural ventilation and less attention is paid to the impact of the ventilation openings dimension on the thermal environment of the building, so this work has been carried out in this paper. Firstly, this study systematically reviews the development history of Chinese ventilation opening design standards and the basis for determining the size of ventilation openings.And on this basis, this study takes a south-facing single-sided ventilated living room in the middle of a multi-storey residential building as a typical case, and uses EnergyPlus software to simulate and analyze the application of the design values of ventilation openings in 6 sample cities in different climate zones of China. The results of this study reveal that the current building ventilation opening dimension related to Chinese building design standards can meet air change rate requirements. However, it is difficult to meet the thermal comfort requirements of the building indoor environment in summer. To this end, this study further carried out an associated study with the ventilation frequency and adaptive thermal comfort index of the case building as the optimization objective. The best corrected ratio of the ventilation opening area to the floor area of the case buildings in each city was obtained,which results in a decrease in the percentage of indoor discomfort, of which Chengdu is the most restrictive. This rese

关 键 词：通风开口尺度 建筑设计标准 换气次数 适应性热舒适 

分 类 号：TU241[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]