铝合金枕梁搅拌摩擦焊残余应力和变形仿真与试验研究  

Simulation and experimental study on residual stress and deformation of aluminum alloy pillow beam by friction stir welding

作　　者：马佳良 唐勇 曾泽群 孙屹博[1,2] 杨鑫华 MA Jia-liang;TANG Yong;ZENG Ze-qun;SUN Yi-bo;YANG Xin-hua(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,Liaoning pro.,China;Key Laboratory of Welding and Reliability of Rail Transit Equipment of Liaoning pra,Dalian 116028,Liaoning pra,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]辽宁省轨道交通装备焊接与可靠性重点实验室,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《焊接技术》2021年第12期27-32,I0012,共7页Welding Technology

基　　金：辽宁省高等学校国(境)外培养项目(2018LNGXGJWPY-YB012)。

摘　　要：枕梁是地铁的关键部件,其焊接质量直接影响地铁行驶的安全性。文中结合理论与试验研究了6005A-T6铝合金枕梁搅拌摩擦焊接头性能,首先建立了枕梁有限元模型,采用顺序热力耦合的方法,计算了残余应力与变形,进而开展枕梁结构搅拌摩擦焊试验,采用钻孔法和测量样板法分别对焊接试件进行了残余应力和变形测试,并对仿真分析和试验检测结果进行了对比分析,最后开展了不同焊序下的仿真分析。结果表明,相比实测值,有限元分析残余应力结果最大误差在20%以内,变形最大误差在0.5 mm以内,仿真结果与试验结果分布趋势一致,焊接顺序的改变对残余应力的影响较为显著,对厚板侧残余应力的影响大于对薄板侧的。Pillow beam is the key component of subway, and its welding quality directly affects the safety of subway running. In this paper, the performance of friction stir welded joint of 6005 A-T6 aluminum alloy pillow beam was studied by combining theory and experiment. Firstly, the finite element model of pillow beam was established, and the residual stress and deformation were calculated by sequential thermal coupling method. Then friction stir welding experiment of pillow beam structure was carried out. The residual stress and deformation of welded specimens were tested by drilling method and measuring template method respectively, and the simulation analysis and test results were compared and analyzed. Finally, simulation analysis under different welding sequences was carried out. The results showed that compared with the measured values, the maximum error of residual stress was less than 20% and the maximum error of deformation was less than 0.5 mm. The distribution trend of simulation results was consistent with the experimental results. The change of welding sequence had a significant impact on residual stress, and the impact on residual stress on thick plate side was higher than that on thin plate side.

关 键 词：铝合金枕梁 搅拌摩擦焊 焊接顺序 残余应力 变形 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接] TG453.9