数据自由与隐私保护的可调和性——美国法上的判例和规则的法理分析  

Reconciling Data Freedom and Privacy Protection: Jurisprudence Analysis of Precedents and Rules in American Law

作　　者：余文清 YU Wen-qing(Department of Law,Fujian Police College,Fuzhou,Fujian,350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建警察学院法律系,福建福州350007

出　　处：《西华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期29-36,共8页Journal of Xihua University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BFX039)。

摘　　要：大数据发展产生数据自由这一新兴诉求,数据自由与重在管制的隐私保护的冲突日渐显现并逐步加剧。从法律角度看,化解冲突的关键在于理顺数据自由与隐私保护的内在机理。通过比较研究和规范解释发现,美国联邦最高法院和下级法院将数据纳入联邦宪法第一修正案的保护范围,即赋予数据以言论保护,同时发展出具有普遍适用性的规则或者标准,框定数据自由的范围和管制的限度,这一系列举措证实了数据自由与隐私保护的可调和性。总体上,研究美国法上数据自由与隐私保护的相关判例和规则,可为我国相关问题的解决提供研究参考。The development of big data brings about emerging demand of data freedom, and the conflict between data freedom and privacy protection that focuses on regulation is increasingly intensifying. From a legal perspective, the key to resolve such conflicts is to straighten out the internal mechanism of data freedom and privacy protection. Through comparative research and normative interpretation, it finds out that the U.S. Supreme Court and lower courts have incorporated data into the protection scope of the First Amendment of the Federal Constitution, that is, endowed data with speech protection, and developed rules or standards of general applicability that define the scope of data freedom and the limits of regulation. A series of measures proves the reconciliation of data freedom and privacy protection. In general, studying relevant precedents and rules of data freedom and privacy protection in the United States can provide research reference for the solution of relevant problems in China.

关 键 词：数据自由 隐私保护 言论自由 判例 第一修正案 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]