不同栽培模式下轻木生长情况与土壤生态效应比较  

Comparison of Ochroma lagopus Swartz Growth and Soil Ecological Effects under Different Cultivation Modes

作　　者：梁明月 刘长安[2] 华帅 段柱标[2] LIANG Mingyue;LIU Changan;HUA Shuai;DUAN Zhubiao(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园/热带植物资源可持续利用重点实验室,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2022年第1期12-18,共7页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划(202003AD150011)。

摘　　要：现代大型风力发电机桨翼设计普遍采用以轻木为基材的复合夹芯板,且无替代产品。我国轻木原料完全依赖进口,随着轻木需求量持续攀升和中外贸易的不确定性,轻木原料供应已经成为我国风能发电装备制造业的“卡脖子”问题。本研究旨在探寻西双版纳地区轻木可持续栽培模式。结果表明,在西双版纳地区轻木生长到2年8个月胸径可达23 cm,能够满足厂家的收购要求(胸径>20 cm)。2年8个月轻木经过1年生长之后,胸径可达26 cm,材积增加30%以上。因此为了获取更高的收益,轻木在可以种植4~5年后进行收获。轻木持续种植土壤速效磷呈下降趋势,加剧土壤水分消耗。轻木林下覆膜栽培大豆可以显著提高土壤速效磷和硝态氮含量,提高土壤贮水量,促进轻木可持续生长。The manufacture of modern large-scale wind turbine blades generally uses composite sandwich panels with balsa wood as the base materials, and with no alternative materials. The balsa wood in China is completely dependent on imports, and with the increasing demand of balsa wood and the uncertainty of Sino-foreign trade, the supply of balsa wood raw materials has become a “stuck neck” problem for wind power equipment manufacturing industry in China.In this study, the composite cultivation experiment was carried out with the balsa wood plantations constructed in May2017, and the following cultivation models were constructed by using the cultivation techniques of ridge, furrow and film mulching with important cash crops in Xishuangbanna: balsa wood plantation(Q), balsa-soybean plantation(QD),balsa-soybean with plastic film plantation(QDF). Balsa wood plantation(CK), balsa-soybean/coriander plantation(QDX), balsa-soybean/coriander with plastic film plantation(QDXF). Through the measurement of soil nutrients, soil moisture content, balsa wood DBH growth and volume volume, the sustainable cultivation mode of balsa wood in Xishuangbanna was explored to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the localization of balsa wood raw materials. The results showed that the diameter at breast height(DBH) of balsa wood could reach 23 cm after growing for 2 years and 8 months, which can meet the requirements of manufacturers(DBH > 20 cm). After 3 years and 8 months, the DBH could reach 26 cm, and the increase of volume was over 30%. In order to obtain high income, balsa wood trees could be harvested after 4-5 years of planting. From April to November, the total soil water storage in QDX,QDXFQD, QDF increased 29.11 mm and 21.74 mm, respectively, however, CKQ decreased 13.19 mm. In the rainy season, CKQ increased the soil water consumption in 20-40 cm soil layers, and QHB, QDXFQDF increased soil water content in 20-40 cm soil layers. Film mulching practices in balsa plantations increased soil available P and NO^(3)-N c

关 键 词：轻木林 风电 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]