表面放射性去污剂制备及作用机理研究  

Preparation and action mechanism of surface radioactive decontaminant

作　　者：何智宇 蒋欢[1,2] 陈亮 邱天 卢彦志 李银涛 周元林[2] HE Zhiyu;JIANG Huan;CHEN Liang;QIU Tian;LU Yanzhi;LI Yintao;ZHOU Yuanlin(State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Military Representative Office of the Air Force Equipment Department,Chengdu 610000,China;Dongcai Technology Group Co.Ltd,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,绵阳621010 [3]空装驻某军事代表室,成都610000 [4]四川东材科技集团股份有限公司,绵阳621010

出　　处：《核技术》2022年第3期49-58,共10页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：西南科技大学科研基金资助成果(No.21zx7135);龙山学术人才科研支持计划(No.18LZX631)资助。

摘　　要：目前使用较多的可剥离和自脆性放射性表面去污剂,基本能够满足去污剂对技术及环境的要求,但在实际使用过程中,存在可剥离型去污剂力学性能、环境适应性较差而自脆性去污剂去污过程及机理研究有待深入等问题。通过选择不同单体,采用预乳液聚合的方式,制备了两种不同固化形貌的表面去污剂,对表面去污剂功能进行研究。对丙烯酸丁酯(Butyl Ac,BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Methyl Methacrylate,MMA)、丙烯酸(Acrylic Acid,AA)3种去污剂的性能测试结果表明,当m_(BA):m_(MMA):m_(AA)=1:0.9:0.1时,去污剂具有较好的力学性能,其拉伸强度可达9.16 MPa,断裂伸长率可达671%,是一种很好的可剥离去污剂基材。对MMA和甲基丙烯酸(Methacrylic Acid,MAA)的测试结果显示,当m_(MMA):m_(MAA)=1:0.9时具有较好的脆化形貌,这两种去污剂均能在不同表面和形貌的情况下实现完整剥离和脆化,对模拟核素的去污率达到90%以上。[Background]Strippable and self-brittle decontaminants are the two most commonly used surface decontaminants.However,peelable decontaminants have problems such as poor mechanical properties and difficulty in peeling whilst the self-brittle decontaminants become brittle due to the diaphragm and cause the potential of secondary pollution during the curing process.[Purpose]This study aims to prepare several surface radiaction decontaminants and analyze their performance of decontamination.[Methods]First of all,butyl acrylate(BA),methacrylic acid(MAA),methyl methacrylate(MMA),acrylic acid(AA)were selected,and preemulsion polymerization was adopted.Two kinds of surface decontaminants with different curing morphology were prepared.Then,the mechanical properties were tested by electronic universal testing machine and the surface of the membrane was observed by optical microscope,and simulated cold decontamination rate test was carried out according to IAEA recommended steps.Finally,action mechanism of surface radioactive decontaminant was studied by wettability and zeta potential test,as well as the combination of detergent and pollutants.[Results]The test results for BA,MMA,and AA show that the good physical and mechanical properties is achieved when mBA:mMMA:mAA=1:0.9:0.1 hereby the tensile strength can be up to 9.16 MPa and the breaking elongation can be up to 671%,which is a good peeling detergent substrate.Particle size control of MAA and MMA can control the solidification morphology of decontaminant.[Conclusions]The two detergents can be completely excreted and embrittled on different surfaces and forms,and the decontamination rate of simulated nuclides can reach more than 90%.

关 键 词：表面去污剂 可剥离 自脆 

分 类 号：TL944[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]