论中国刑法学派形成的基本前提  

On the Basic Premises for the Formation of the Chinese Criminal Law School

作　　者：周光权 Zhou Guangquan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院 [2]清华大学中国司法研究中心

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第1期39-58,143,144,F0003,共23页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：是否能够形成独特的学派是一个国家刑法学成熟与否的标志。刑法学者只有在具备学派意识之后,才能形成真正的问题意识、找准切入点,对司法难题的解决也才会有一个准确的思路,从而对自己的主张展开充分论证,以避免用直觉替代刑法解释和论证。要形成扎根于中国大地、直面中国社会现实的刑法学派,就必须重视客观性思考、体系性思考和功能性思考这三个刑法方法论。客观性思考是刑法判断的起点,有助于提升刑法学的可视性,能够将事实判断和规范判断融为一体,对于保障被告人权利具有不可低估的意义;从不法到责任的犯罪论体系比传统的要素理论更能够一并解决共犯论、量刑论的难题,体系性思考方法还能够避免解释漏洞,同时妥善处理刑民等关系;功能性思考始终关注刑事裁判的动向,注重社会治理的积极参与,使得刑事政策刑法化,能够妥善处理处罚必要性和刑法公正性的关系。立足于上述方法论的刑法学思考既有理论深度、广度,又符合中国国情,且“难办案件”的处理可以从中寻找说理根据,承认这三个共许的前提能够逐步为中国刑法学派的形成提供有效支撑。The maturity of a country’s criminal law depends on whether a unique school can be formed.Only with school consciousness can criminal law scholars form real problem awareness,find breakthrough points and have an accurate thinking for solving judicial problems,so as to fully demonstrate their claims and avoid replacing criminal law interpretation and demonstration with intuition.To form a criminal law school rooted in China and geared toward the realities of Chinese society,we must pay attention to the criminal law methodologies of objective thinking,systematic thinking and functional thinking.Objective thinking is the beginning of criminal law judgment.It helps to improve the visibility of criminal law and integrate factual judgment and normative judgment,which is of great significance to protecting the rights of the defendants.The framework of doctrines of criminalization from violation to culpability can solve the problems of the accomplice theory and the sentencing theory better than the traditional element theory.Meanwhile,systematic thinking can also avoid interpretation loopholes and properly deal with the relationship between criminal law and civil law.Functional thinking has always paid attention to the trend of criminal judgment and the active participation of social governance,which criminalizes the criminal policy and appropriately handles the relationship between the necessity of punishment and the fairness of criminal law.The criminal law thinking based on the above methodologies not only has theoretical depth and breadth,but also conforms to China’s national conditions,and the handling of“difficult cases”can find reasoning basis from it.By recognizing the three widely accepted premises,we can gradually provide effective support for the formation of the Chinese criminal law school.

关 键 词：刑法基本立场 客观性思考 体系性思考 功能性思考 刑法方法论 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]