一种家电用小型蒸汽发生器的传热与流动特性模拟及实验研究  

Simulation and experimental research on heat transfer and flow characteristics of a small steam generator for home appliances

作　　者：张靖鹏 叶志鸣 包康丽 余鹏 徐象国[1] 何业洪 王勤[1] ZHANG Jingpeng;YE Zhiming;BAO Kangli;YU Peng;XU Xiangguo;HEYehong;WANG Qin(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027;Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University ,Hangzhou 310027;Hangzhou Zoppas Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学制冷与低温研究所,浙江杭州310027 [2]浙江大学热能工程研究所,浙江杭州310027 [3]杭州佐帕斯工业有限公司,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《家电科技》2022年第1期16-21,共6页Journal of Appliance Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51976179)。

摘　　要：针对应用于各类家电中的小型蒸汽发生器的高功耗、易结垢问题,在传统使用腔体型结构上进行了改进,加大换热面积,增强换热系数,使热效率进一步提高,减小能耗。该设计可以规避一般管道型加热方式易产生的水垢阻塞流道导致换热器失效的问题。对改进型蒸汽发生器进行了热力计算及数值模拟,比较了上部进与下部进水两种方式的传热及流动特性。根据模拟结果选用具有更好的传热及流动性能的上部进水方式对增加泡沫金属铜前后的蒸汽发生器进行了实验测试,实验得到改进结构(增加金属泡沫)后蒸汽发生器的热效率可以高达98.92%,较改进前热效率约有5%的提升,改进效果明显。根据热力学原理分析,热效率的提升来自于漏热的减少和电热效率的提高。Aiming at the problems of high power consumption and easy fouling of small steam generators used in various home appliances, this research improved the thermal efficiency of the traditional cavity structure by means of increasing the heat exchange area and enhancing the heat transfer coefficient and reduced energy consumption. At the same time, this design can avoid the problems of scale blocking the flow channel and the failure of the heat exchanger that are easily generated by the general pipeline heating method. The thermal calculation, numerical simulation and experimental verification of the improved steam generator structure were carried out. The heat transfer and flow characteristics of the upper and lower inlet water are compared by numerical simulation and results show that the upper inlet has better heat transfer and flow performance. According to the simulation results, the upper water inlet method is selected to test the steam generator before and after adding the foam metal copper. After the improved structure(adding metal foam), the thermal efficiency of the improved steam generator can be as high as 98.92%, which is about 5% higher than that before the improvement, and the improvement effect is obvious. According to the analysis of thermodynamic principle, the improvement of thermal efficiency comes from the reduction of heat leakage and the improvement of electrothermal efficiency.

关 键 词：小型蒸汽发生器 传热 流动 数值模拟 实验研究 

分 类 号：TK114[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]