自生热降黏剂的优化及原油降黏解堵性能  

Optimization of self-heating viscosity-reducing agent and its performances in oil viscosity reduction and blockage removal

作　　者：朱家杰 毕台飞 马国伟 田永达 张傑[3] ZHU Jiajie;BI Taifei;MA Guowei;TIAN Yongda;ZHANG Jie(OH and Gas Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi'an 710000,China;No.1 OH Production Company of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi'an 710000,China;State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院,陕西西安710000 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司第一采油厂,陕西西安710000 [3]北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《大庆石油地质与开发》2022年第2期103-109,共7页Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“长庆油田5000万吨持续高效稳产关键技术研究与应用”(2016E-0510)。

摘　　要：为了解决稠油黏度大而难开采问题,采用自生热降黏解堵工艺技术,利用化学生热剂和催化水热裂解的协同作用,开采近井地带富含沥青质的稠油。结果表明:优化开发的自生热降黏解堵体系,以浓度为5 mol/L的NaNO_(2)和NH_(4)Cl为产热剂、质量浓度为10 g/L的硼氢化钠为产氢剂、质量浓度为15 g/L的水热裂解催化剂为添加剂,体系产热温度最高达155℃,有效产气时间为27 min,稠油降黏率为70.1%。自生热降黏剂反应残液对黏土的防膨率稳定在45%以下,对石蜡的溶解度为31.4%,可以有效保护储层的渗透性,解除石蜡堵塞和疏通输送管道。试验井降黏解堵施工应用结果表明,自生热降黏剂的解堵降黏效果有效期长达18月,累计增油量为520 t。In order to solve the difficulty of heavy oil exploitation resulted from its high viscosity, self-heating viscosity-reducing and blockage-removing technologies are adopted, and synergistic action between chemical heat-generating agent and catalytic hydrothermal cracking is utilized to produce asphaltene-rich heavy oil near borehole. Experiment results show that: 5 mol/L NaNO_(2) and NH_(4)Cl is used as heat-generating agents, 10 g/L sodium borohydride is used as hydrogen-generating agent and 15 g/L hydrothermal cracking catalyst is used as additive in the optimized self-heating system. The highest temperature of heat-generating system is up to 155 ℃, effective gas production time is 27 min, and viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil is 70.1%. The anti-swelling rate of reaction residue of self-heating viscosity-reducing agent to clay is stable below 45%, and the solution degree to paraffin is 31.4%, thus the agent can effectively protect permeability of reservoir, remove paraffin blockage and dredge transportation pipeline. The applied effects of the technique in testing well show that effective period of the viscosity reduction and blockage removal can reach 18 months and cumulative oil increment is up to 520 t.

关 键 词：稠油 自生热 水热裂解 降黏解堵 硼氢化钠 沥青质 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]