黄河下游宽滩区荒草湿地生境分布与时空变化研究  

Study on Distribution and Spatial⁃Temporal Variation of Grass Wetland Habitats Along the Wide Floodplain of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：孙煜航 杜鹏举 程舒鹏 李振山[1] 赵志杰[1] SUN Yuhang;DU Pengju;CHENG Shupeng;LI Zhenshan;ZHAO Zhijie(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems,College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院国家环境保护河流全物质通量重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第3期85-90,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402505)。

摘　　要：为分析黄河下游宽滩区荒草湿地生境的时空变化规律,基于Landsat系列卫星遥感影像数据等,采用改进归一化差异水体指数等,对2000年与2015年黄河下游宽滩区湿地生境分布及时空变化进行分析,结合水文监测数据,分析水文情势对荒草湿地生境的影响,结果表明:从2000年至2015年,宽滩区荒草湿地生境面积减少,且有向下游迁移的趋势;下游来水集中于植被生长期,洪水脉冲峰值最高近3 m,不利于荒草湿地生境植被的稳定演替;农业生产以及挖沙等人类活动严重影响荒草湿地生境;基于滩地各处水沙活动规律,分析得到沿黄宽滩区分布荒草湿地生境总面积为247.41 km^(2),占沿黄宽滩区总面积的9.01%。In order to analyze the spatial⁃temporal variation along the wide floodplain of the Lower Yellow River,using Landsat time⁃series data,the temporal and spatial changes of grass wetland habitats along the wide floodplain of the lower Yellow River of 2000 and 2015 were interpreted by utilizing the modification of normalized difference water index method.The disturbing factors of grass wetland habitats were analyzed in conjunction with the activities of water and sediment along the Yellow River channel.The results show that from 2000 to 2015,the habitat area of grass wetland along the beach area has been decreased and grass wetland habitats tend to migrate downstream.At present,the upstream runoff is concentrated,and the peak value of the corresponding hydro logical pulse is as high as nearly 3 meters,which is not conducive to the stable succession of wetland habitat vegetation along the beach area.In addition,human activities such as agricultural cultivation and sand digging along the beach area also seriously affect the stable development of grass wetland habitats.Based on the analysis of the water and sediment activities along the beach area,the total area of grassland wetland habitats along the Yellow River floodplain area is 247.41 km^(2),accounting for only 9.01%of the total area of the wide beach area.

关 键 词：湿地生境 时空变化 影响因素 湿地分布 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV853