深水短洞泄水底孔突变水流特性及对策研究  

Research on the Characteristics and Countermeasures of Sudden Change Flow in Bottom Hole of Deep Water Short Hole

作　　者：宋莉萱[1] 武彩萍[1] 朱超[1] 杨祎祎 SONG Li-xuan;WU Cai-ping;ZHU Chao;YANGYi-yi(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [2]郑州大学,郑州450000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第3期216-220,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405204,2018YFC040720203);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(HKY-JBYW-2020-18)。

摘　　要：较多高坝的泄水底孔采用深水短洞有压进水口型式,选用偏心铰弧门及相应的突扩突跌衔接布置,突扩跌坎体型突变,水流条件复杂,其水力特性是影响底孔安全运行的重要因素。本文结合Souapiti水电站泄流底孔单体模型试验,对短洞有压进口底孔突扩突跌水力学特性及对策进行了较全面研究。得出了底孔流量系数在0.88~0.9范围内、突扩跌坎射流冲击底板处水流脉动最强,最大脉动压力最大可以达到水流冲击力的1.4倍,该体型底孔跌坎尺寸由1 m增加至1.2 m,通气孔面积增大25%后,泄水道水流掺气浓度明显增大,最小掺气浓度大于规范规定的3%等结论,该成果可对类似工程的掺气减蚀以及设计施工有一定的参考意义。The bottom outlets of many high dams adopt deep-water short-hole pressurized inlet type,choose eccentric hinge arc door and corresponding sudden expansion and sudden fall articulation arrangement. As sudden expansion and fall can abrupt change in body shape,complex water flow conditions,its hydraulic characteristics are important factors affecting the safe operation of the bottom hole. It is concluded that the bottom hole flow coefficient is in the range of 0.88~0.9,the water pulsation is strongest at the bottom plate of the sudden expansion and drop jet impact,the maximum pulsation pressure can reach 1.4 times of the water impact force,the size of the bottom hole of this body type increases from 1 m to 1.2 m,the ventilation hole area increases by 25%,the concentration of gas doping in the water flow of the drainage channel is obviously increases,and the minimum gas doping concentration is more than 3% as specified in specification. The results can have some reference significance for the gas doping and corrosion reduction of similar projects as well as design and construction.

关 键 词：深水短洞 突变水流 突扩突跌 掺气减蚀 

分 类 号：TV65[水利工程—水利水电工程]