Chapter 4 Cosmic-Ray Physics  

作　　者：Benedetto D’Ettorre Piazzoli Si-Ming Liu Domenico della Volpe Zhen Cao Andrea Chiavassa Benedetto D’Ettorre Piazzoli Yi-Qing Guo Leonid T.Ksenofontov Olivier Martineau-Huynh Diane Martraire Ling-Ling Ma Xin-Hua Ma Yuri Stenkin Qiang Yuan Hou-Dun Zeng Shou-Shan Zhang Yi Zhang Hui Zhu Benedetto D’Ettorre Piazzoli;刘四明;Domenico della Volpe;曹臻;Andrea Chiavassa;Benedetto D’Ettorre Piazzoli;郭义庆;Leonid T.Ksenofontov;Olivier Martineau-Huynh;Diane Martraire;马玲玲;马欣华;Yuri Stenkin;袁强;曾厚敦;张寿山;张毅;朱辉(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II”,Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo,80126 Naples,Italy;School of Physical Science and Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,611756 Chengdu,Sichuan,China;Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire,Facultéde Sciences,Universitéde Genève,1211 Geneva,Switzerland;Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100049 Beijing,China;TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,Sichuan,China;Dipartimento di Fisica,Universitàdegli Studi di Torino,Via Pietro Giuria 1,Torino,10125,Italy;Yu.G.Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy SB RAS,677027 Yakutsk,Russia;Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies,CNRS-IN2P3,Universités Paris VI et VII,Paris,France;Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences,117312 Moscow,Russia;Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,141700 Moscow,Russia;Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,210023 Nanjing,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100101 Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II”,Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo,80126 Naples,Italy [2]School of Physical Science and Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,611756 Chengdu,Sichuan,China [3]Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire,Facultéde Sciences,Universitéde Genève,1211 Geneva,Switzerland [4]Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100049 Beijing,China [5]TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,Sichuan,China [6]Dipartimento di Fisica,Universitàdegli Studi di Torino,Via Pietro Giuria 1,Torino,10125,Italy [7]Yu.G.Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy SB RAS,677027 Yakutsk,Russia [8]Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies,CNRS-IN2P3,Universités Paris VI et VII,Paris,France [9]Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences,117312 Moscow,Russia [10]Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,141700 Moscow,Russia [11]Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,210023 Nanjing,China [12]National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100101 Beijing,China

出　　处：《Chinese Physics C》2022年第3期85-125,共41页中国物理C（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404203);the International Scholarship Program of the MOST of China(G2021166002L);National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12147208,U2031103,U1931204);the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFSY0031)。

摘　　要：In the first part of this Chapter the present state of knowledge from the observations of cosmic rays between 10^(13) and 10^(20) eV is summarized.This is not intended to be a complete review,but rather a broad overview of the relevant processes involving cosmic rays,including the astrophysical environments in which they take place.This overview mainly concerns experimental results and phenomenological aspects of their interpretation,therefore experiments’description is not given but references to the vast bibliography are provided in the text.Some attempt is made to address the most popular explanations offered by theoretical models.The second part is devoted to the description of the LHAASO performance and of its capability to provide a response to several open questions,still unanswered,concerning cosmic rays above 10^(13) eV,highlighting which major steps forward in this field could be taken from LHAASO observations.

关 键 词：airshower astroparticle physics cosmic rays particle acceleration and transport Multi-messengers 

分 类 号：P172.4[天文地球—天文学] O572.1[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]