兰州地区输血传播HIV残余风险规避策略研究  

Study on the strategy of avoiding the residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in Lanzhou

作　　者：冯惟萍[1] 张支凤 吴康乐[1] 滕玥 杨树龙[1] 戴田[1] FENG Weiping;ZHANG Zhifeng;WU Kangle;TENG Yue;YANG Shulong;DAI Tian(Red Cross Blood Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730046,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省红十字血液中心,兰州730046

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2022年第2期199-202,共4页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

基　　金：甘肃省卫生行业科研计划项目(GSWSKY-2019-21)。

摘　　要：目的通过干预影响残余风险的因素,分析兰州地区输血传播HIV残余风险的变化,评价关键因素调控作用的有效性,获取行之有效的HIV残余风险规避策略。方法统计2013-2018年(干预前)和2019-2020年(干预后)兰州地区无偿献血者HIV检测数据及确证结果,应用患病率-窗口期模型(prevalence-WP模型)和《献血者残余风险调查表》,对输血传播HIV的残余风险进行评估和对比分析,评价HIV残余风险规避策略的有效性。结果2013-2020年,重复献血者比例从15.49%增加到17.66%,HIV确证阳性率由0.033%降为0.018%,总的残余风险由6.54×10^(-6)降为4.14×10^(-6),初次献血者残余风险由6.96×10^(-6)降为4.30×10^(-6);重复献血者残余风险由4.26×10^(-6)降为3.36×10^(-6),说明关键影响因素调控有效。结论通过使用基于prevalence-WP模型关键影响因素设计的《献血者残余风险调查表》,增强了献血前征询的有效性,明显降低了无偿献血者HIV确证阳性率,有效降低了兰州地区输血传播HIV的残余风险。Objective To analyze the changes in the residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion and evaluate the effectiveness of control key factors associated with the residual risk in Lanzhou to explore effective strategies to minimize the HIV residual risk.Methods We collected HIV testing data and confirmed results of unpaid blood donors in Lanzhou from 2013-2018(before intervention)and 2019-2020(after intervention)and used the prevalence-WP model to evaluate the prevention of HIV transmission through blood transfusion.The residual risk was analyzed along with the"Blood Donor Residual Risk Questionnaire"to evaluate the effectiveness of HIV residual risk avoidance strategies.Results From 2013 to 2020,the proportion of repeat blood donors in Lanzhou increased from 15.49%to 17.66%with the HIV confirmed positive rate dropping from 0.033%to 0.018%.The total residual risk dropped from 6.54×10^(-6)to 4.14×10^(-6).The residual risk of first-time blood donors was reduced from 6.96×10^(-6)to 4.30×10^(-6).The residual risk of repeated blood donors was reduced from 4.26×10^(-6)to 3.36×10^(-6),indicating that the key influencing factors were effectively controlled.Conclusion By using the"Blood Donor Residual Risk Questionnaire"designed based on the key influencing factors of the prevalence-WP model,the effectiveness of pre-blood consultation was enhanced.The HIV-positive rate of unpaid blood donors was significantly reduced,and the residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in Lanzhou was effectively reduced.

关 键 词：无偿献血 艾滋病病毒 残余风险 关键因素调控 风险规避策略 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]