东汉光武帝时期的“州牧制”  

The Zhou-mu System during Emperor Guangwu’s Reign in the Eastern Han Dynasty

作　　者：刘洁[1] 成一农[1] LIU Jie;CHENG Yinong(Center for Historical Geographical Studies,Yunnan University,Kunming Yunnan 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史地理研究所,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2022年第2期14-19,共6页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

摘　　要：东汉光武帝时期,“州牧”是中央政权外派到地方的官员,同时兼具中央和地方两种性质,这时的“州”并不是一级政区。虽然汉廷对各州牧的控制力度不一,但这个时期的“州牧”基本上能起到“拱卫中央”和“镇抚地方”的双重作用,即“州牧制”适应了光武帝统一战争的需要。建武十二年,在地方不稳定的情况下,改革“州牧制”可能会使局面更加恶化,同时这也不符合光武帝“谨慎务实”的处事风格。直至建武十八年,东汉政权平稳过渡之后,地方权力极大的“州牧制”和加强中央集权的统治需求相冲突,这最终促使光武帝“罢州牧,置刺史”。During the reign of Emperor Guangwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty,regional governors(Zhou-mu州牧)were officials delegated by the central government to inspect and assess the work of regional administrators,assuming both central and local functions.Therefore,in this period,the term Zhou(州)did not refer to the first-level administrative district.These Zhou-mu officials,although under varying degree of control of the Han court at different levels,basically played a dual role of guarding the central and strengthening the local,so the Zhou-mu system then met the needs of Emperor Guangwu’s unification wars.After the reunification of the empire in the 36 A.D.,due to the instability of local situations,it seemed that to reform the Zhou-mu system hastily would be detrimental to the peace process,which also ran counter to Emperor Guangwu’s cautious and pragmatic attitude toward handling affairs.Given the increasing conflict between the hugely powerful Zhou-mu system and the growing need to centralize power,it was not until 42 A.D.,when the Eastern Han’s regime stability had become a permanent fixture,that Emperor Guangwu was prompted to abolish the Zhou-mu system and establish the Ci-shi(刺史)system.

关 键 词：东汉 光武帝 州牧 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]