定向断裂控制爆破技术在巷道掘进中应用研究  

Application Study of Directional Fracture Controlled Blasting Technology in Roadway Excavation

作　　者：余永强[1,2] 余雳伟 范利丹 徐峰[1] 周桂杰 YU Yong-qiang;YU Li-wei;FAN Li-dan;XU Feng;ZHOU Gui-jie(School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;International Joint Research Laboratory of Henan Province for Underground Space Development and Disaster Prevention,Jiaozuo 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学土木工程学院,焦作454003 [2]河南省地下空间开发及诱发灾变防治国际联合实验室,焦作454003

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第1期61-67,94,共8页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51874119)。

摘　　要：在煤矿巷道掘进中,普通光面爆破技术存在着围岩表面超挖、欠挖、严重破坏等现象,后期支护难度大,维护成本高。在定向断裂控制爆破技术机理分析的基础上,提出了周边眼切缝药包定向断裂控制技术,进行了切缝药包爆破和普通药包爆破的工程应用对比研究。试验结果表明:采用外径38 mm、内径36 mm,切缝宽度4 mm、切缝长度600 mm的PVC管作为切缝管进行切缝药包定向断裂控制爆破,其爆破效果较好。切缝药包爆破改善了巷道断面平整度,开挖轮廓平滑,提高了半孔率,最大值为90%。爆破完巷道轮廓成形好,有效控制了超挖量,平均线性超挖量为0.171 m,降低了0.238 m。切缝药包爆破增加周边眼眼距,节约每立方米炸药用量25%,每循环进尺可减少炸药用量约20 kg,减弱了爆破震动。定向断裂控制爆破有效降低了对围岩体的损伤,增加了围岩的稳定性,取得了较为理想的爆破效果。In coal mine roadway excavation,normal smoothing blasting technology has the phenomena of over-excavation,under-excavation and severe damage on the surrounding rock,which makes it difficult to support in the later stage and leads to high maintenance cost.Based on the mechanism analysis of directional fracture control blasting technology,we proposed a controlled blasting technology with slit charge in perimeter holes,and conducted comparison tests between blasts with slit charge and normal charge.The test results show that a good blasting effect can be achieved by a PVC pipe with outer diameter of 38 mm,inner diameter of 36 mm,slit width of 4 mm and slit length of 600 mm for directional fracture controlled blasting.This kind of controlled blasting technology improves the flatness of the roadway section,smooths the excavation contour and increases the half-hole rate with a maximum value of 90%.The average linear over-excavation was 0.171 m with a reduction of 0.238 m.Due to the increased hole spacing of the perimeter holes,the powder factor has been saved by 25%,which means about 20 kg less explosive per cycle of footage,and thus blasting vibration has also been reduced.Directional fracture control blasting effectively reduces the damage to the surrounding rock,increases its stability and achieves a more satisfactory blasting effect.

关 键 词：巷道掘进 切缝药包 定向断裂 控制爆破 复式楔形掏槽 

分 类 号：TD235.373[矿业工程—矿井建设]