底质和饵料对不同生长阶段橄榄蛏蚌稚蚌成活和生长的影响  

Effects of substrate and diet on early growth of juvenile freshwater mussel Solenaia oleivira

作　　者：任晓亮 吕国华 姜海洲[1,2] 王林 梁建超 马学艳[1,2,3] 金武[1,2,3] 徐东坡[1,2,3] 占明飞 闻海波[1,2,3] 顾若波[1,2,3] REN Xiao-liang;LV Guo-hua;JIANG Hai-zhou;WANG Lin;LIANG Jian-chao;MA Xue-yan;JIN Wu;XU Dong-po;ZHAN Ming-fei;WEN Hai-bo;GU Ruo-bo(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214128,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China;Sino-US Cooperative Laboratory for Germplasm Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Mollusks/Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China;Fuyang Fishery Administration,Fuyang 236001,Anhui,China;Anhui Shuiyun Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水鱼类遗传育种与养殖生物学重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,中美淡水贝类种质资源保护及利用国际联合实验室,江苏无锡214128 [4]阜阳市水产管理局,安徽阜阳236001 [5]安徽水韵环保股份有限公司,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2022年第2期51-56,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：2019年大学生创新创业训练专项计划(S20190016);中央基本科研业务专项(2019JBFZ03,2021JBFM07);江苏省农业自主创新资金项目[CX(18)3026];阜阳市科技重大专项(2018053126)。

摘　　要：为提高橄榄蛏蚌(Solenaia oleivira)稚蚌成活率,在稚蚌生长3个阶段设置不同的饵料和底质组合,探究饵料和底质对稚蚌成活和生长的影响。结果表明:前期稚蚌投喂破壁微拟球藻组的成活率、壳长和壳高生长均显著高于投喂未破壁微拟球藻组;3.4×10^(5)个/mL和6.8×10^(5)个/mL饵料浓度对前期稚蚌成活率、壳长和壳高生长无显著性差异。中期稚蚌成活率5组间差异不显著;投喂混合饵料组(50%卵囊藻+50%未破壁微拟球藻)的壳长、壳高与投喂破壁微拟球藻组差异不显著,但显著高于投喂卵囊藻组与未破壁微拟球藻组;相同饵料条件下,添加硬黄泥底质组成活率与添加黄泥底质组差异不显著,但壳长和壳高硬黄泥组显著低于黄泥组。后期稚蚌硬黄泥组、铁锈泥组、黄泥组和花园泥组间成活率和壳长差异不显著。综上所述,前期稚蚌消化吸收能力差,投喂机械破壁微拟球藻有利于稚蚌存活和生长,3.4×10^(5)个/mL的饵料浓度即可满足稚蚌生长所需;中期稚蚌投喂混合饵料或破壁微拟球藻更有利于稚蚌的存活和生长,黄泥为其适宜底质;后期稚蚌对底质要求降低,硬黄泥、花园泥、铁锈泥和黄泥均是其适宜底质。Different diet and substrate combinations were used in three stages of mussel growth to investigate the effects of diet and substrate on the survival and growth of mussels to improve the survival rate of Solenaia oleivira.The results showed that the survival rate,shell length,and shell height growth of the early-stage mussels feeding well-broken Nannochloropsis oculata were significantly higher than those of the unbroken N.oculata group,and there were no significant differences between 3.4×10^(5) cells/mL and 6.8×10^(5) cells/mL diet concentrations on the survival rate,shell length,and shell height growth of the early-stage mussels.The survival rate of mussels in the middle stage was not significantly different among the five substrate groups.The shell length and shell height of the group fed mixed diet(50%Oocystis sp.+50%unbroken N.oculata)were not significantly different from those of the group provided broken N.oculata,but significantly higher than those of the group fed Oocystis sp.and unbroken N.oculata.Under the same bait conditions,the survival rate of the hard yellow mud substrate group was not significantly different from that of the yellow mud substrate group,but the shell length and shell height of the hard yellow mud group were significantly lower than those of the yellow mud group.The differences in survival rate and shell length between the hard yellow mud,rust mud,yellow mud and garden mud groups were not significant in the later stages of juvenile mussels.In summary,the digestive and absorption capacity of early stage juvenile mussels was poor,and feeding mechanical wall-breaking N.oculata was beneficial to the survival and growth of juvenile mussels.A diet concentration of 3.4×10^(5) cells/mL could meet the needs of juvenile mussels.In the middle stage,feeding mixed diet or wall-breaking N.oculata was more beneficial to the survival and growth of juvenile mussels,and yellow mud was a suitable substrate for them.In the late stage,the requirements of juvenile mussels for substrate were reduced,a

关 键 词：橄榄蛏蚌(Solenaia oleivira) 稚蚌 底质 饵料 成活率 

分 类 号：S966.2[农业科学—水产养殖]