《左传》“荆尸”考  

A Study of the Term Jingshi in Zuo Zhuan

作　　者：黄杰[1,2] Huang Jie

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《文史哲》2022年第2期105-115,167,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“出土简帛文献与古书形成问题研究”(19ZDA250);山东大学青年学者未来计划(2018WLJH14)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代初以来,《左传》中两例“荆尸”的内涵逐渐成为楚国历史文化研究中的热点问题。曾宪通、于豪亮等学者根据新出土文献将其解为楚月名,但不少学者持异议,并提出多种新的看法。结合前人的研究,并仔细考察上下文可知:庄公四年“荆尸”应解为举行某种祭祀,与清华简《楚居》“夜而内(入)■”的“■”有密切关系;宣公十二年“荆尸”应解作月名,传文本身包含了表明“荆尸”是时间状语的关键证据。这一案例告诉我们,要充分重视利用出土材料解读传世文献的复杂性,坚持具体问题具体分析。Since the early 1980s,the meaning of jingshi in Zuo Zhuan has become a debated question in the study of the history of Chu.Some scholars such as Zeng Xiantong and Yu Haoliang,interpret it as a month name of Chu based on newly excavated manuscripts,while others disagree with this interpretation and suggest different readings.Based on previous studies and the context in Zuo Zhuan,this paper argues that jingshi in the fourth year of Duke Zhuang should be read as to offer certain kind of sacrifice,which is closely related to the character yi/shi in the piece“Chuju”from the Tsinghua bamboo manuscripts.However,the term in the twelfth year of Duke Xuan should be understood as a month name,and the text of Zuo Zhuan itself contains the key evidence proving that it is an adverbial term of time.The case study of this term shows that interpreting the received texts based on newly excavated materials is complicated,and thus we should always examine a term in its specific textual context.

关 键 词：《左传》 “荆尸” 出土文献 祭祀 月名 

分 类 号：K225.04[历史地理—历史学] B933[历史地理—中国史]