网络链接名誉侵权的法律治理研究——兼论对《民法典》第1025条第二项的理解与适用  

Research on the Legal Governance of Network Link Reputation Infringement:the Understanding and Application of Item 2 of Article 1025 of the Civil Code

作　　者：杨秀[1] 刘燕[1] Yang Xiu;Liu Yan(Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学新闻学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2022年第2期49-59,共11页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目(2020YBCB121)。

摘　　要：近年来,新媒介技术的发展为新闻和信息的大规模传播提供了重要的渠道保障,但与此同时诽谤内容的多级分发和裂变式传播也引发了大量的针对媒体、平台或个人的名誉侵权纠纷。其中,因网络传播主体通过复制、转发或设置链接等传播行为引发的名誉侵权纠纷已成为网络侵权治理的新问题并引发了各界的广泛关注。面对网络名誉侵权纠纷治理的严峻形势,《民法典》进一步从制度层面明确调控人格权与表达自由的冲突,并为涉及公共利益的新闻报道等提供倾斜保障。通过司法裁判文书的梳理,研究发现当前网络链接名誉侵权主要表现为舆论监督动机型链接、信息加工型链接、技术服务型链接三种类型,《民法典》1025条、1026条及相关司法解释可间接调整此类侵权问题;但由于网络链接名誉侵权纠纷面临着多元利益冲突和复杂侵权形态的双重困境,《民法典》1025条第二项及1026条在司法实践中可能面临诸多应用和操作难点:一是网络链接动机的司法判定不准确,不利于舆论监督立法目标的实现;二是网络链接名誉侵权行为的多元表现形式或不同类型的司法认定偏差,阻碍了网络信息的自由流动;三是网络链接主体的差异性一定程度上导致对注意义务司法适用的不合理。因此可结合美国治理网络链接诽谤纠纷的"再出版理论"及其司法判定原则和方法,从理论方面构建符合我国语境的网络链接名誉侵权"再出版责任"的基本理论框架,同时在制度方面准确理解和把握1025条"公共利益"的重要作用、注重司法认定的全面性以及基于不同链接主体性质建立1026条的差异化适用标准和"核心+次要"因素判定模式。In recent years,the development of new media technology has provided an important channel guarantee for the large-scale dissemination of news and information,but at the same time,the multi-level distribution of defamatory content and the disruptive dissemination of defamatory content have also led to a large number of reputation infringement disputes targeting media,platforms or individuals.Among them,the dispute of reputation infringement caused by the communication behavior of the network communication subject through copying,forwarding or setting links has become a new problem in the governance of network infringement and aroused wide attention from all circles.In the face of the severe situation of online reputation infringement dispute governance,The Civil Code further clearly regulates the conflict between personality right and freedom of expression from the institutional level,and provides preferential guarantee for news reports involving public interests.Through the review of judicial judgment documents,it is found that the current network link reputation infringement is mainly manifested in three types:public opinion supervision mobile link,information processing link and technical service link.Article 1025 and article 1026 of the Civil Code and relevant judicial interpretation can indirectly adjust this kind of infringement problem.However,due to the dual dilemma of multiple conflicts of interest and complex forms of infringement,article 1025,item 2 and article 1026 of the Civil Code may face many difficulties in application and operation in judicial practice.First,the judicial judgment of the motivation of network link is not accurate,which is not conducive to the realization of the legislative goal of public opinion supervision.Second,the multiple manifestations of network link reputation infringement or different types of judicial confirmation bias hinder the free flow of network information.Thirdly,to some extent,the differences of the network link subjects lead to unreasonable judicial application

关 键 词：再出版理论 网络链接 转载 名誉侵权 

分 类 号：G211[文化科学—新闻学]