有机肥替代氮肥对黄瓜产量、品质及土壤质量的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on the yield,quality and soil quality of cucumber

作　　者：王明文 张洋[1] 胥婷婷[1] 许显虹 张荣[1] WANG Mingwen;ZHANG Yang;XU Tingting;XU Xianhong;ZHANG Rong(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2022年第1期49-54,共6页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅重大科技专项项目(2019-NK-A11)。

摘　　要：针对青海东部地区黄瓜种植不合理施肥的问题,确定有机肥替代氮肥的最佳比例,为该地区科学施肥提供理论依据。本文以"津绿30"黄瓜为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,研究有机肥替代部分氮肥对黄瓜产量、品质、土壤养分的影响,并采用因子分析法对土壤养分进行评价,寻求最佳替代比例。结果表明:与习惯施肥处理(T7)相比,有机肥替代化肥20%(T3)处理效果较好,黄瓜产量提高59.54%,黄瓜果实的可溶性糖、Vc和粗蛋白含量分别提高16.23%、49.46%和44.44%,改善了产品品质;因子分析法评价土壤养分得出有机肥替代化肥30%(T4)最好,增加了土壤基础养分含量,促进土壤可持续健康发展。综合分析认为,施用N 444 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5) 570 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 480 kg/hm^(2),并配施有机肥6150 kg/hm^(2)是该地区黄瓜种植较为适宜的施肥措施。In order to solve the problem of unreasonable fertilization of cucumber in eastern Qinghai,the best proportion of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer is determined to provide basis for scientific fertilization in this area.Taking cucumber“Jinlv 30”as experimental material,the effects of organic fertilizer replacing partial nitrogen fertilizer on the yield,quality and soil nutrients of cucumber are studied by random block design.The soil nutrients are evaluated by factor analysis to obtain the best substitution ratio.The results show that the effect of organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer(T3)is better compared with conventional fertilization treatment(T7).The yield of cucumber is increased by 59.54%.The content of soluble sugar,Vc and crude protein of cucumber fruit are increased by 16.23%,49.46%and 44.44%respectively,indicating that its quality is improved;the evaluation of soil nutrients by factor analysis shows that 30%of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer(T4)is the best,which can increase the basic nutrient content of soil and promote its sustainable and healthy development.It can be concluded that applying 444 kg/hm^(2) of N,570 kg/hm^(2) of P_(2)O_(5),480 kg/hm^(2) of K_(2)O and 6150 kg/hm^(2) of organic fertilizer is a suitable fertilization for cucumber planting in the area.

关 键 词：有机肥替代 黄瓜 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]