澳洲坚果不同外植体愈伤组织诱导与不定芽增殖研究  

Callus Induction and Adventitious Bud Proliferation in Different Explants of Macadamia integrifolia

作　　者：罗一然[1,2] 沈德周 纵丹 尹加笔[3] 何承忠 LUO Yiran;SHEN Dezhou;ZONG Dan;YIN Jiabi;HE Chengzhong(Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement&Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province,Southwest ForestryUniversity,Kunming,Yunnan 650233,China;Dali Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry,Dali,Yunnan671003,China;Dehong Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Dehong,Yunnan 678400,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省高校林木遗传改良与繁育重点实验室,云南昆明650233 [2]大理农林职业技术学院,云南大理671003 [3]德宏州林业和草原局,云南德宏678400

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第3期539-547,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省院士专家工作站(No.202005AF150020);中央引导地方科技发展专项(No.YDZX201953000002845)。

摘　　要：以澳洲坚果品种‘H2’的幼嫩茎段和种子为材料,获取腋芽、子叶和上胚轴等外植体,开展愈伤组织诱导及不定芽增殖研究,再通过石蜡切片法对不同愈伤组织的细胞结构进行观察,分析比较不同外植体诱导的愈伤组织性质与不定芽分化效果。结果表明:适合腋芽愈伤诱导和分化的培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L KT,腋芽愈伤量大,不定芽增殖系数为3.49;适合子叶愈伤诱导的培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L TDZ+200 mg/L CH,愈伤组织多为绿色且质地紧密,诱导率高达82.2%,褐化率低至8.9%;适合子叶愈伤组织分化不定芽的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L GA3,不定芽长势较好,增殖系数为5.40;上胚轴几乎不产生愈伤组织,可直接分化不定芽;适合上胚轴分化不定芽的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.5 mg/L NAA,增殖系数为7.37。细胞学观察发现,腋芽愈伤组织的细胞体积较大、液泡化程度较高、细胞质较少、细胞核较小,且细胞间排列分散且不规则,显示出非胚性愈伤组织特征;子叶愈伤细胞排列较紧密、细胞核较大、细胞质较厚且被染色深,显示出分生组织细胞的特征。比较而言,子叶是诱导愈伤组织的优良材料,上胚轴是不定芽增殖的最佳外植体。The axillary buds,cotyledons and epicotyls which were obtained from young stem segments and seeds of Macadamia integrifolia‘H2’were used as the explants,the callus induction and adventitious bud proliferation,and then cytological observations of the different callus by paraffin slice were conducted to analyze and compare the callus properties and adventitious bud differentiation effects induced by different explants.The suitable medium for axillary buds was MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L KT,which had the large numbers of callus and the adventitious bud regeneration coefficient was 3.49.The suitable medium for cotyledon callus induction was MS+2.0 mg/L TDZ+200 mg/L CH,the callus in this medium were green and tight,the induction rate was 82.2%,the browning rate was 8.9%,the cooperation of CH and TDZ not only helpt to improve the induction rate of cotyledon callus,but also reduced the browning rate.The optimal medium for adventitious buds of cotyledon callus differentiation was MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L GA3,the adventitious buds grew well and the regeneration coefficient was 5.40.The suitable medium for epicotyls adventitious bud differentiation was MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.5 mg/L NAA,and the regeneration coefficient was 7.37.The adventitious bud differentiation ability of the three explants from high to low was epicotyl>cotyledon>axillary bud,and KT combined with other suitable concentrations of growth regulators could produce better adventitious bud differentiation effect,which is the key to promote adventitious bud differentiation.The cotyledons and axillary buds dedifferentiated into callus,and then redifferentiated into adventitious buds,but the epicotyls could directly differentiate adventitious buds without producing callus.The callus induced by axillary bud and cotyledon showed obvious differences in appearance and cytology.A relevant cytological observation showed that the axillary bud callus had large cell volume,high degree of vacuolation,little cytoplasm,and small nucleus,with scattered and irregular i

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 外植体 愈伤组织 不定芽 增殖 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]